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Religious Life Flashcards

1
Q

What is Aseret ha-D’ibrot?

A

The 10 Sayings - the first of the 613 mitzvot

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2
Q

What are the 10 Sayings?

A
  1. No other Gods
  2. Graven image
  3. Name in vain
  4. Sabbath
  5. Honour parents
  6. Murder
  7. Adultery
  8. Steal
  9. False witness
  10. Covet
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3
Q

What is the purpose of the 10 Sayings?

A

Foundation for all other mitzvot

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4
Q

What do the first 4 of the 10 Sayings set out?

A

Expectations regarding God

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5
Q

What do the final 6 of the 10 Sayings set out?

A

Relationships with other humans, which should take precedence as God never needs human help

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6
Q

What does tzedakah mean?

A

‘Justice’ - charity

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7
Q

What is tzedakah?

A

Basic requirement of providing for those unable to provide for themselves

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8
Q

What are 3 examples of tzedakah?

A
  • giving a tithe out of income
  • avoiding becoming in need of charity
  • respecting the dignity of those one helps
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9
Q

What is Gemilut Hasadim?

A

‘Giving of loving kindness’ - doing good deeds

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10
Q

What is a pushke?

A

Collection box kept by families to receive tzedakah

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11
Q

How does the Purim festival relate to tzedakah?

A

Holds a feast to ensure everyone has enough food

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12
Q

What are 4 daily prayers in Judaism?

A
  • Anit - evening
  • Shacharit - morning
  • Minchah - afternoon
  • Amidah - standing
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13
Q

What action traditionally is done before prayer to symbolise entering into God’s presence?

A

Taking 3 steps backwards then forwards

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14
Q

What are the 3 sections of the Amidah?

A
  1. Shevah
  2. Bakashah
  3. Hoda’ah
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15
Q

What is Shevah?

A

Expression of praise for the patriarchs, the wonders of God and his holiness

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16
Q

What is Bakashah?

A

Request for both spiritual and physical needs to be met - self-petition

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17
Q

What is Hoda-ah?

A

3 blessings of thanksgiving concerning acceptance of worship, gratitude and blessings of peace

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18
Q

What is suggested was the original purpose of the Amidah prayer?

A

To identify heretics who would be unwilling to recite a blessing for their own downfall

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19
Q

What is tefillah?

A

Prayer

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20
Q

What is Avodah Shebalev?

A

‘service of the heart’ - the idea of prayer as a daily service to God

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21
Q

What does the siddur contain to aid prayer?

A

Set prayers and a timetable for devotion

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22
Q

How can the siddur be seen to undermine prayer?

A

Losing meaning and spirituality through dictation

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23
Q

What is Kavvanah?

A

Intention - mental concentration and devotion to God

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24
Q

What is Berakah?

A

Blessing - expression of praise to God

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25
How do Orthodox Jews keep Kashrut?
Maintain a kosher home and eat in kosher restaurants
26
How do Reform Jews keep Kashrut?
Many do within the home only
27
How do Orthodox Jews keep Shabbat?
Refrain from work and 39 forbidden melachot
28
How do Reform Jews keep Shabbat?
May have Friday night dinner and avoid employment but nothing else
29
What is Hasidism?
'the pious ones' - ultra-Orthodox Jews, the result of a spiritual revival in the 18th Century
30
How are the mitzvot kept in Hasidism?
All are kept, never lose an opportunity to keep them and achieve fulfilment
31
What is Zohar?
Explanation of the Torah by use of mystical insights - classical text of the Kabbalah
32
What is Devekut?
Devotion to God
33
What do Reform Jews believe is the origin of the mitzvot?
Divinely inspired humans, therefore they may be re-evaluated
34
What is the purpose of mitzvot in Reform Judaism?
Ethical and moral guidance to maintain values and religious identity
35
What is the purpose of mitzvot in Orthodox Judaism?
Disciplining towards position as the covenant people, allow communication with God
36
How many positive mitzvot are there?
248
37
How many prohibitive mitzvot are there?
365
38
How many mitzvot cannot be observed, why and how can these be maintained?
- 200 - They are linked to ritual in the Temple - Can be adapted in line with the original 613
39
What are Chukim?
Commandments for which no particular reason is given - test of faith
40
What are the 10 categories of mitzvot?
1. Belief in God 2. Improper worship 3. Taking oaths 4. Sacred times 5. Respect for parents and teachers 6. Harming another person 7. Sexual immorality 8. Theft 9. Harm through speech 10. Coveting
41
What is Lashon Hara?
Evil tongue - slander, rumours etc.
42
What is the focus of prohibition of coveting?
Immoral thoughts rather than actions
43
Where are the 2 versions of the 10 sayings?
Exodus and Deuteronomy
44
What does the evolution from ritual to ethical decalogue display?
Change in emphasis from practice to morals
45
What are the 10 Sayings more aptly characterised as?
Moral exhortations
46
What is the purpose of the 10 Sayings?
Bringing the world to ethical monotheism
47
What is Maimonides' ladder of tzedakah (lowest to highest)?
8. Giving grudgingly 7. Willingly but less than appropriate 6. Only after being asked 5. Before being asked 4. Donor doesn't know recipient 3. Recipient doesn't know donor 2. Neither know each other 1. Helping become self-sufficient
48
Mitzvot contribute to spirituality:
1. Guidance on enacting God's will and building relationship 2. Hasidic Jews gain spiritual joy from observance and devekut 3. Reform Jews carry out in modern context
49
Mitzvot do not contribute to spirituality:
1. May become burden 2. Questioned in a modern context 3. Become routine
50
Mitzvot are divisive:
1. Divine inspiration 2. Progressive revelation 3. Compromise and assimilation
51
Mitzvot are not divisive:
1. Remain a common focus 2. Not sole focus of Jewish identity 3. Guide and instruct according to communal needs
52
Amidah
'blessed are you, O Lord our God [...] God most high, generous and kind, owner of all things'
53
Minyan - Maimonides
'the prayer of the community is always heard... hence a person must join himself with the community'
54
Proverbs 19:17
'whatever is kind to the poor lends to the Lord, and he will reward them for what they have done'
55
Aseret ha-D'ibrot - Anderson
'Ten Commandments are an effective expression of fundamental religious and moral standards in ancient Israel and of their relation to Yahweh's saving acts'
56
Sabbath - Maimonides
'the Sabbath is therefore a double blessing: it gives correct notions, and also promotes the wellbeing of our bodies'
57
Psalm 34:13
'keep your tongue from evil and your lips from telling lies'
58
Orthodox mitzvot - Rabbi Boteach
'when God gives commandments, they are universally applicable in every age and at every time'
59
Reform mitzvot - Close
'the Biblical writes were men inspired by God, but they were not super-human and there can be no guarantee that they were equally inspired in everything they wrote'
60
Leviticus 11:3
'any which has a completely split hoof and chews cud, this you may eat'
61
Prayer is spiritually ineffective:
1. Meaningless and ritualistic 2. Mind wanders 3. Unanswered
62
Prayer is not spiritually ineffective:
1. Communal prayer 2. Kavvanah 3. Private and spontaneous
63
The Amidah encapsulates Jewish values:
1. Fundamental beliefs 2. Forbidden to be interrupted 3. Private prayer
64
The Amidah does not encapsulate Jewish values:
1. Torah and mitzvot 2. Originated with purpose of identifying heretics 3. The Shema
65
What is a minyan?
A group of 10 men over the age of 13 needed before an act of communal prayer can take place at the synagogue
66
Is prayer in a minyan an obligation?
No halakhic obligation but encouraged in rabbinic tradition
67
What have Conservative Jews allowed about minyanim?
Allowed adult women to join
68
The 10 Sayings summarise belief:
1. Template for practice 2. Reflect essence 3. Covenant relationship
69
The 10 Sayings do not summarise belief:
1. Guide 2. Shema 3. Israelites
70
The 10 Sayings are effective guides for ethics:
1. Universal 2. Israelites 3. God as focus
71
The 10 Sayings are not effectives guides for ethics:
1. Ancient 2. Categories 3. Non-religious

Judaism (8 decks)

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