Religious expression 1945 to present Flashcards
Outline changing patterns of religious adherence from 1945 to the present using census data: Islam
2011: 2.2%
2016: 2.6%
2021: 3.2%
Shows 0.6% growth in 5 years. Risen dramatically since 1945 as 0.3% in 1976
Outline changing patterns of religious adherence from 1945 to the present using census data: Sikhism
2011- 0.34%
2016- 0.54%
2021- 0.83%
Intense growth due to immigration from nations such as Indonesia. More than double in size.
Outline changing patterns of religious adherence from 1945 to the present using census data: Hinduism
2011- 1.3%
2016- 1.9%
2021- 2.7%
Huge growth due to immigration.
0.1% of hindus in 1986
Outline changing patterns of religious adherence from 1945 to the present using census data: Judaism
2011: 0.45%
2016: 0.39%
2021: 0.39%
Stayed consistent since mass migration after ww2. 0.4% at 1947
Outline changing patterns of religious adherence from 1945 to the present using census data: Buddhism
2011: 2.5%
2016: 2.41%
2021: 2.42%
Fairly consistent. Massive growth since 1972 until 2011 via immigration.
Outline changing patterns of religious adherence from 1945 to the present using census data: No religion
1967- 6.7%
2006- 19%
2011- 23.3%
2016- 30.1%
2021- 38.9%
Gradual increase in secularism. Changing morality and moving from traditional values.
Outline changing patterns of religious adherence from 1945 to the present using census data: Christianity
Before ww2 it was 99%
1947: almost 70%
2011- 61.1%
2016- 52%
2021- 43.9%
Catholics have delcine harshly. Generally huge decline in all chrsitian adherence.
Largest trends
The proportion of Christianity is steadily decreasing but it is still Australia’s most common religion. Inrease in Religious diversity. Increase in on Religion.
Account for the present religious landscape in Australia in relation to:
Christianity as a major religion, Immigration, Denominational switching, rise of new age religions, Secularism,
Account for the present religious landscape in Australia in relation to: Christianity as a major religion.
1788 British colonisation.
Anglican church biggest sect. change to Aglican church of Australia in 1982. Main church denom from colonisation to 1986, immigration from European nations affected numbers.
Catholicism: Pre ww2 it was 17.5% a/f it was 20.7%. Main demon after 1986.
Uniting church: 1977, largest protestant reformation. Methodists, Presbyterians, Congregationalists.
Pentecostalism: Avoid formal liturgy, attractive to younger generation.
Account for the present religious landscape in Australia in relation to: Immigraton
1940: Migration, Britian= Christianity.
1940: Accepted war refugees that were Christian.
1960: more than 30,000 Jews arrived and people from Greece and Italy, (Diversity in Chrisitan landscape)
1970: 1973 White Australia policy gone. = mUlticulturalism. 120,000 refugees from Asia because of vietnam war bringing eastern religious culture.
1980: Increase Muslim population to escape the Gulf wars.
2021 census: people born in the UK decreasing and people born in Asia is increasing.
Account for the present religious landscape in Australia in relation to: Denominational switching
One denomination to the other.
Rising pentecoastalism Attracts younger people. changing traditional views, e.g homosexuality that your denomination cannot offer.
Open to different religious matters.
People want interactive worship and rebelling against traditional beliefs.
Account for the present religious landscape in Australia in relation to: Rise of new age religions
Spiritual but not religious.
Definition: Alternate spirituals aiming to foster personal happiness, health and meaning in life.
Traditional religions fail to resonate with modern people. More popular as society questional different views e.g homosexuality.
In 1983 scientology was recognised as a religion
Account for the present religious landscape in Australia in relation to: Secularism
Rleigion should not interfere or be intergrated into the public affairs of society. Science can answer all questions, religion holds back.
Pluralism Different minorities have different traditions but together in society.
Individualism: Freedom for individual over state control.
Materialism: Obession with material items rather than spiritual.
Scepticism: Doubt the truth of something.
Dissillusionment with traditional religions: One’s belief contradicts the traditional views of the faith.
Describe the Impact of the Ecumenical movements in Australia
The National council of churches Australia, The NSW Ecumenical council
Ecumenism Definition:
Uniting among world’s Christs churches. Opposite of secularism. Aim is to break down barriers and acknowledge gospel as the shared vision.
Major Australian achievement: Uniting church 1977.
Example: Palm Sunday peace march 2018
The National council of churches
1994: Anglicans, protestans, catholic and orthodox.
Strengthen community by praying and growing together. Emphasise on Jesus as common core.
Working for common good.
- E.g Internation aid organisation ‘Act for Peace’ which sends aid to suffering communities.
- ‘Everybodies home week’ 2023.
- Example is ‘walk together’ initiative that provided funds for refugees and asylum seekers for healthcare and housing. Cretaed belonging in community and increased standard of living
NSW Ecumenical council
Formed 1982: 16 churches in NSW and ACT
Reflection on differences.
Education initiatives
From Catholicism, Protestantism and orthodox.
Set up house of welcome 2001:
Social: Raised community awareness and provided essential services.
Evaluate the importance of Interfaith Dialogue in Australia
Definition: Formal discussion aimed towards developing greater mutual understanding between different religious traditions.
Different religions working together to promote mutual understanding and united force on issues.
Overcome negative stereotype and remove stigma and fear.
E.g E.g The Columban Centre for Christian-Muslim Relations (CMR) est. 1997. Aim to foster relationships and address misconceptions. Organise events to stimulate discussions.
NSW council of Chrisitans and Jews est. 1989. Annual passover demonstartions to remove misconceptions education chrisitan and non-jews
Examine the relationship between Aboriginal spiritualities and religious traditions in the process of reconciliation.
Christianity: Uniting Church’s Day of Mourning on 19th January, This observance acknowledges shared history and renews the church’s commitment to justice and healing. Educate adherents on the disadvantages of Aboriginal people and the utmost importance of reconciliation.
Buddhism: Buddhism peace fellowship. SUpport and building of harmony. Provides social welfare and education programs. they stated encouragement for the ‘acknowledgement of indigenous Australians peoples culture-past and present.
Hinduism: Hindu council of Australia prakruthi Mysore Gururaj was first Indian and Hindu accepted into the Gunggari nation. They support the Uluru statement of 2019 at UN World interfaith.
Women of the Grail New religious expression examples
Rise:
Personal fulfilment: Individual fulfilment, ‘food for the soul’ weekly bible study where they share personal experiences and empowerment stories.
Ethical guidelines: Up to date with modern issues and take action- apart of the Australia fair trade
Clarify Relationship with society: Women lead liturgies straying away from men dominated praise ‘we seek to understand and deepen our faith and spirituality in numerous ways through liturgy and prayer.
Growth: Against rise of materialism, they have a strong relationship with Papa New guinea where they provide basic support where “Grail women in both countries have strong strong friendships”
Scientific progress:
“Educate communities communities about HIV/Aids”
Ecological awareness: Seminars, reflect on laudato si, there apart of the faith ecology network.
Disench. with trad prac: Unconventional liturgies led by women.
Rise of Materialism exmaple
Pentecostal faith sells dvds, book etc and endorses ‘prosperity doctrine’. This teaches that people are ‘blessed by God’ by having success in work and material possessions.
Hare Krishnas emphasise self-sufficiency and the rejection of obsessive consumption.
