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Philosophy > Religious Experience > Flashcards

Religious Experience Flashcards

1
Q

Key philosopher - types of visions

A

St Augustine of Hippo

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2
Q

Types of vision

A

Corporeal
Imaginative
Intellectual

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3
Q

Corporeal vision

A

Empirical (verifiable by observation)

Sees a supernatural vision

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4
Q

Imaginative Vision

A

No power to direct the experience

Dreams

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5
Q

Intellectual

A

No physical image

See things as they really are

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6
Q

Philosopher about nature of experiences

A

Otto

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7
Q

Otto’s Numinous

A
  • Common to all religious experiences
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8
Q

Numinous characteristics

A
  • Encounters with the holy/sacred
  • ‘Wholly other’ emotions
  • Non-rational, cannot be explained
  • Mysterium tremendum et fascians
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9
Q

Philosopher of mystical experiences

A

William James and Stace

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10
Q

Mystical Experience

A
  • A direct and intimate experience of God

- Sense of union with the divine

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11
Q

James’ characteristics of mystical experiences

A
  • Passivity, beyond control
  • Ineffable, cannot be described
  • Noetic, new knowledge
  • Transiency, cannot be sustained for a long time
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12
Q

Stace’s classification of mystical experiences

A

Extrovertive:

  • Normal objects in the world are transfigured so the non-sensuous party shines through them
  • Mystic looks outwards, through the physical world

Introvertive:

  • Suppresses the senses
  • The mystic loses awareness of the physical world and their physical consciousness is replaced by a mystical one
  • Turns inwards and finds oneself, perceives their oneness with the divine
  • This experience is superior
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13
Q

Stace’s view

A

A mystical experience is

  • A non-sensuous, non-intellectual union with the divine
  • Our senses and rational intellect cease to work
  • Replaced by pure consciousness and sense of self dissolves
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14
Q

Challenges from science

A

Freud’s wish fulfilment

Drugs

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15
Q

Freud’s wish fulfilment

A

Theists believe in God to help them control their fear of the unknown
Visions are hallucinations caused by the need to have some control over one’s helpless state

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16
Q

Drugs

A

Hallucinogenic drugs are also known as entheogens meaning they can generate the divine from within and cause people to have intense spiritual experiences

e.g. Hindu festival of Shiva

17
Q

Challenged to RE

A
  • They are only witnessed by the individual which makes them untrustworthy
    BUT Toronto blessings
  • They are like emotion and so cannot be empirically proven
    BUT this does not mean it is false
  • Little in common between the God experienced and the classical God of theism
    BUT they are ineffable so this is expected
  • Links between experiences and drugs and alcohol
    BUT Rowe: it is valid to use drugs to initiate interaction with the divine
  • Contradictory experiences
    BUT Many types
18
Q

Verification principles

A

Correspondence theory
Coherence theory
Pragmatic theory
Logical Positivism

19
Q

Correspondence theory

A
  • Does the event correspond with the real world?

BUT this is often impossible to check

20
Q

Coherence theory

A
  • Relates a statement to other known truths in a system of thought, we check if similar things have happened in the past
    BUT we don’t know what to believe, or when to alter our system
21
Q

Pragmatic theory

A
  • If the theory is true then it will have a positive result

BUT it is a matter of opinion

22
Q

Logical Positivism

A
  • It must be empirically verified

BUT we cannot do this

23
Q

Philosopher logical positivist

A

AJ Ayer - if an experience is ineffable then it is meaningless

24
Q

Philosopher relating to verification

A

Swinburne

25
Q

Swinburne’s principles

A

Principle of credulity:
- ‘The way things seem to be is the way things really are’

Principle of testimony:
- ‘We should believe what people tell us, provided there are no particular reasons not to’

26
Q

Influence or REs

A

Foundational
Inspirational
Conversion / Life-changing
Pilgrimage

27
Q

Foundational

A

The direct cause of the founding of new religions

28
Q

Inspirational

A

The religious experiences of saints and martyrs have inspired a belief in others

Philosophy (7 decks)

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