religious change under Northumberland Flashcards
his religion + strategy
-Protestant
-Had a two-fold strategy in relation to the church: continue protestant reforms initiated by Somerset + plunder more of its wealth
Why was Northumberland so cautious when it came to religious matter?
-Cramner began to move in a more radical direction
-Radicals Nicholas Ridley, bishop of London, + John hooper, bishop of Gloucester= more influential
-Continental reformers such as martin bucer + Peter Martyr= more influential on religious decisions
42 articles
1553
-Introduced by Archbishop Cramner
-A more radical approach to religion
-Was a declaration of Protestant faith
-Heavily influenced by Zwingli
-Were never implemented as Edward died
Who was Zwingli?
-A radical Protestant reformer
-One of the most influential reformers in Europ
Removal of remaining ‘conservative’ ceremonies
1552
-Ridley replaces alters with communion tables in churches.
-The significance is that the conservatives could no longer find anything in the prayer book which they could accept, which shows a systematic approach
Rewriting of baptism, confirmation and burial services
-Under Edward there is a concern over the education of priests/clergy- they need better education
-To make services more easily understood by congregations.
-The significance was it showed Cramner’s desire to see greater simplicity in church services
Radical reform of communion service, including replacement of water by ordinary bread
-Need for decisive change from ambiguity of 1549 prayer book
-A change of wording in the prayer book e.g. ‘mass’ was changed to the ‘lords supper’
-The significance was that it showed the importance of Zwinglianism, in the Eucharistic declaration.
Ban on use of ‘popish’ vestments
-Were replaced with a plain white surplice
-They were seen as objects of superstition.
-The significance is that simpler clerical vestments were seen as more in keeping with the simpler approach to services
Restriction on use of church music
-Moderate Protestants thought that church music hindered religious understanding: radical opinion considered it idolatrous- Edward saw it as his mission to destroy idolatry.
-The significance of this was that the simpler approach to music reflected emphasis on greater simplicity in church services.
What was the reason for all these changes?
-They were a result of the revised book of common prayer in 1552 which replaced with 1549 one
