Religious change 1547 - 1558 Flashcards
Who was head of the Church of England in Henry’s reign?
Henry VIII
Was Henry Protestant or Catholic?
Catholic and protestant depending on the year.
What was the dissolution of the monasteries and when did it occur?
-disband Catholic monasteries, priories, convents and friaries.
-He took their income, disposed of their assets, and reassigned or dismissed their former members and functions.
-It occurred predominantly between 1536 and 1541.
Were Edward’s tutors Protestant or Catholic?
Protestant
Provide evidence that suggests Edward was religiously opinionated from a young age?
In one of his essays he referred to the faithful as ‘we’, which was later crossed out by his tutor and replaced with ‘they’.
Which 6 key religious changes were implemented under Edward’s reign in 1547?
- Royal visitation
- Book of Homilies and Erasmus’ Paraphrases to be placed in every church
- Royal Injunctions
- Chantries Act
- Treason Act repealed and Aof 6 articles.
What religious changes did Edward introduce in
a) July 1547
b) November 1547
a) Book of Homilies and Royal Injunctions
b) Dissolution of the chantries
What approach did Somerset take to implementing the Protestant reformation at the beginning of Edward’s reign and what was the response from the Church?
Sommerset policies slow + cautious- old practices were attacked but there was little evidence of putting in place a fully reformed church.
The bishops were divided in their response. Gardiner opposed, some undecided.
The majority of the lower clergy were opposed to change, as were much of the population.
What happened as part of Royal Visitation?
Commissioners were sent to all bishoprics to examine the clergy, doctrine and practices of the Church.
Bishops authority was suspended until the visitation was completed in the autumn.
(Episcopal = bishops)
What were the Book of Homilies and Erasmus’ Paraphrases and who objected to them?
-The Book of Homilies was a book of Protestant sermons
-Erasmus’ Paraphrases were a summary of the new testament.
-Stephen Gardiner and Bishop Bonner objected to them being placed in every church and were imprisoned.
What happened as part of the Royal Injunctions? edward
Orders for all clergy to preach in English and have an English Bible were sent out.
What was the Act of 6 Articles and why was it repealed in 1547?
The Act of 6 Articles had re-established Catholic teaching in 1539 and was repealed to make way for the Protestant reformation.
What were the consequences of the Treason Act being repealed?
People could talk about religion freely
Radicals used it as an opportunity to spread their views (eg. Protestants made aggressive pamphlets and destroyed Catholic images)
What did Edward change about church furniture in November 1550?
Stone altars were to be replaced with wooden tables.
Why was it so crucial for the Privy Council to proceed cautiously with religious reform? What was the disadvantage of this?
- Many people argued that no significant changes should be put in place until Edward turned 18 (under the terms of Henry’s will).
- However, the cautious approach didn’t satisfy more radical elements of Protestantism.
In what year were Images removed from churches and the First Book of Common Prayer introduced?
1548 (images in February, book in December)
What 3 things were Churches instructed to do around the same time as the Book of Homilies was published?
- Remove superstitious images
- Conduct services in English
- Preach every Sunday
What were the two most notable actions of the parliament of 1547? What was the underlying reason for one of these?
-Chantries Act
-repeal of treason act- fund war against scotland.
What does iconoclastic mean?
Criticising or attacking cherished beliefs or institutions
What indicates that the legislation enforced between January and April 1548 to limit those who could preach (in response to the repealing of the Treason Act) was unsuccessful?
In September 1548, the Privy Council had to ban all public preaching .
What meant that when parliament met in the autumn of 1548, the government was in a stronger position to introduce Protestant measures?
Success in Scotland
What were the terms of the First Act of Uniformity (1549) (5)?
Which Catholic practices remained (3)?
- Sacraments now- communion, baptism, confirmation, marriage and burial
- Clergy were allowed to marry
- No songs of mass for dead.
- Everything English
- The laity could receive both bread and wine at communion
BUT…
- Fast days remained (as did some Holy Days)
- The Catholic belief in purgatory remained
- Worship of saints was not banned, only discouraged
What did the government hope that the First Act of Uniformity would do? What did they instruct Bishops to do simultaneously?
satisfy the moderate reformers.
Bishops instructed to carry out visitations- test whether the laity knew the Ten Commandments and the Lord’s Prayer.
What did Bishop Hooper discover about his diocese of Gloucester?
Out of 311 clergy, 10 could not recite the Lord’s Prayer and 171 did not know the 10 commandments.
True or false: Religious unrest in Devon, Cornwall, Yorkshire, Hampshire and Oxforshire helped to bring down Somerset in the autumn of 1549.
True
“The use of the old religion is forbidden by law, and the new is not yet printed in the atomachs of eleven out of twelve parts of the realm.” Who said this, in criticism of Somerset’s religious policy?
William Paget
How far had the Protestant reformation progressed when Somerset was ousted from power?
-catholic practices attacked
-more radical change slow
