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Elizabeth > Religious Challenges > Flashcards

Religious Challenges Flashcards

1
Q

What was the main view of Puritanism?

A

They viewed the 1559 settlement as incomplete

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2
Q

When was the influence of Puritanism particularly prominent?

A

The 1560s and 1570s

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3
Q

What did Puritans want to be eradicated?

A

They believed in the eradication of “popish superstition”

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4
Q

When was the Convocation of Canterbury?

A

1563

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5
Q

What was the convocation of Canterbury and what was the implication of it?

A

It was a failed meeting held by Protestants to go further in its reform of the church

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6
Q

When was the Vestiarian Controversey?

A

The mid 1560’s

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7
Q

What was the Vestiarian Controversy?

A

Rejection by clergymen to Archbishop Parker who issued “Advertisements” in 1566 enforcing wearing the catholic style vestments maintained by the 1559 Act of Uniformity

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8
Q

How many London clergy-men refused to wear the Vestments?

A

37 clergymen refused and were consequently deprived of their posts

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9
Q

What did Presbyterians believe?

A

They subscribed to a Calvinist form of church government.

They wanted to abolish the church hierarchy, specifically the position of the bishop.

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10
Q

Who was the leader of the spiritual Presbyterian movement?

A

Thomas Cartwright

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11
Q

What did Thomas Cartwright do?

A

He wrote pamphlets propagating the idea that a church founded on “popish superstitions” must be spiritually flawed and the 1559 settlement had to be modified

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12
Q

Who was John Whitgift?

A

The Archbishop of Canterbury under Elizabeth

Wrote pamphlets against Cartwright and the Presbyterian movement saying it was destructive and would split the church

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13
Q

The Presbyterian movement was geographically narrow, largely confined to wear?

A

London, Essex, Suffolk

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14
Q

Which high ranking attraction did the Presbyterian movement get?

A

The Earl of Leicester and even Lord Burghley saw the advantages of Presbyterianism as a bulwark against the influence of Catholicism

They defended clergymen who were disliked amongst authorities due to their sympathies for the Presbyterian movement

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15
Q

When did the Presbyterian movement grow?

A

The 1580’s

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16
Q

What did Turner and Cope do in the 1580’s?

A

Proposed bills which, if enacted (failed to get through Parliament ultimately anyway) would have replaced the Book of Common prayer with a new prayer book without the popish elements

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17
Q

What happened to Cope?

A

Cope was imprisoned briefly in 1587

However, Elizabeth knighted him 5 years later which suggests that he quickly recovered his position

18
Q

When were Whitgifts Articles against Presbyterianism and what were they?

A

1583 - clergy had to subscribe to:

  • Acknowledge royal supremacy
  • Acceptance of the prayer book as the true word of God
  • Accept the 39 articles
19
Q

What was the reaction to Whitgifts 3 articles?

A

Had some success - however, caused controversy amongst many clergymen

20
Q

Evidence for the Presbyterian declining in the late 1580’s

A

Failure of Cope’s 1587 “Bill and Book” campaign showed the pointlessness of a parliamentary approach

21
Q

Who were the Separatists?

A

The most radical form of Puritanism - they wanted to separate from the Church of England all together

22
Q

What was the result of the separatist congregations led by Barrow and Greenwood in London?

A

The Act against Seditious Secretaries 1593

23
Q

What was the Act of Seditious Secretaries?

A

It gave the authorities the power to imprison, banish and even execute suspected separatists

24
Q

What was the limitation of Separatism?

A

It was numerically insignificant

25
Q

What was Elizabeth’s attitude to Catholicism

A

She was tolerant in the early years of her reign , but her tolerance was conditional on obedience.

26
Q

Which part of the religious settlement laid down recusancy fines?

A

The Act of Supremacy 1559

27
Q

How did Elizabeth enforce recusancy fines?

A

She didn’t really. They were rarely demanded

28
Q

Who were “church papists?”

A

Most English Catholics survived as ‘Church Papists’ , outwardly obeying and conforming to the law via attending Anglican church services

29
Q

How did Catholicism survive in secret?

A

All but one of the Catholic bishops in England refused to conform to the Oath of Supremacy in 1559

An active minority followed these bishops and other Catholic chaplains and nobility who conducted secret services

30
Q

How did the 1569 revolt contribute to the view of Catholics?

A

The Revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569 provoked a punitive attitude towards Catholics.

31
Q

When was Elizabeth excommunicated by Pope Pius V?

A

1570

32
Q

1571

A

Act making the publication of papal bull (the excommunication document) treasonable

33
Q

1581

A

The Act to Retain the Queen’s Subjects to their due obedience :

  • Treasonous to withdraw allegiance to either the church of the queen
  • Saying mass became punishable by heavy fine or imprisonment
  • The fine for recusancy (not attending church) was raised to the prohibitive figure of £20 a month
34
Q

How many Catholic priests executed in 1581 and 1582?

A

4 in 1581
11 in 1582

35
Q

1585

A

The Act against Jesuits and Seminary Priests : treasonable for priests ordained under the Pope’s authority to enter England

36
Q

How many priests were executed between 1585 and 1603 because of the Act against Jesuits and Seminary priests?

A

123

37
Q

When was the ‘Bond of Association’ and who was it drafted by?

A

1584 - drafted by Burghley and Walsingham

38
Q

What was the Bond of Association?

A

Drafted in response to the Throckmorton plot - anyone under the oath of association was required to murder anyone who tried to usurp the crown or make an attempt on Elizabeth’s life.

39
Q

When were Seminary Priests and Jesuits most prominent in England?

A

300 seminary priests (educated in the Spanish Netherlands on Catholicism) had arrived in England by 1485. Jesuits were most prominent in the 1580s.

40
Q

When was the first Catholic priest executed?

A

1577 - Cuthbert Mayne

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