Foreign Policy

Question 1

When did relations with Spain begin to deteriorate?

Answer 1

The late 1560’s

Question 2

When was John Hawkins’ fleet blocked

Answer 2

September 1568

• Hawkins’ wanted to restrict the Spanish trade monopoly in the new world.
• Frustrated Spanish interests
• His fleet blocked in the Mexican Port of San Juan de úlua - only 2 ships able to escape

Question 3

When did riots begin amongst the Dutch protestants?

Answer 3

Late 1560s

Question 4

When did the English harass Spanish ships?

Answer 4

November 1568

• Spanish ships seeking shelter from a storm in English ports
• Elizabeth authorised the raids of the ships
• 400,000 florins stollen from the ships intended to pay the Duke of Alba
• Led Alba to seize english ships in retaliation

Question 5

When was the Ridolfi plot?

Answer 5

1571 - supported by Spain

Question 6

When was the revolt of the Northern Earls?

Answer 6

1569 - supported by Spain. Spanish troops never arrived at Hartlepool

Question 7

All contributing factors that led to soured english-Spanish relations by 1570s?

Answer 7

• Breakdown in trade relations
• Spanish support for Northern Earls 1569 + Ridolfi 1571
• Excommunication of Elizabeth in 1570

Question 8

When did Elizabeth expel the sea beggars? What was the impact?

Answer 8

1572 - they were forced to land the Dutch port of Brielle and sparked a full-scale revolt against Spanish rule

Question 9

When was the Pacification of Ghent?

Answer 9

1576 - called for the removal of foreign troops from the Netherlands and for autonomy. Favoured by Elizabeth

Question 10

When were Elizabeth’s marriage negotiations with the Duke of Anjou?

Answer 10

The mid 1570’s - the French were contemplating invading the Netherlands and so Elizabeth did so to try and maintain English control there

Question 11

How did Elizabeth adopt a more anti-Spanish position in the 1570’s?

Answer 11

• Liz supported the Portuguese pretender Don Antonio against Philip
• Liz knighted Drake on circumnavigating the globe (irritated the Spanish massively in the process
• Liz treated the Spanish ambassador contemptuously

Question 12

When was William of Orange assassinated?

Answer 12

1584 - rebel leader

Question 13

When was the Treaty of Joinville?

Answer 13

Late 1584 - Philip II + French Catholic League

Question 14

Why was the Treaty of Joinville particularly worrying for Elizabeth?

Answer 14

• Catholic alliance
• Philip now had contact with MQS (french ally)

Question 15

When was the Treaty of Nonsuch?

Answer 15

1585 - retaliation to Treaty of Nonsuch

Question 16

What was involved in the Treaty of Nonsuch?

Answer 16

Liz sent explicit aid to the Dutch rebels in the form of troops led by the Earl of Leicester

Question 17

When were the English raids on Cadiz?

Answer 17

April 1587

Question 18

What year was the Battle of Gravelines?

Answer 18

1588

Question 19

Example of the continued Anglo-Spanish war?

Answer 19

1595 England launched three more attacks on mainland Spain and their colonies: e.g spectacular but shortlived victory capturing Cadiz - humiliated Philip

Question 20

By what year had the Spanish been removed from the Northern Netherlands?

Answer 20

1594 - Dutch revolt was successful

Question 21

Summary evaluation of Liz’s FP?

Answer 21

• Proved broadly successful despite short-comings and increasing expense
• The war with Spain was an expensive and ongoing sore, but England ultimately faired better from the conflict
• Elizabeth’s reputation was enhanced

Question 22

Explain the ongoing issue of Ireland?

Answer 22

3 uprisings in 25 years against English rule - Irish triumph at the Battle of Yellowford

Question 23

How did Elizabeth respond to the loss at the Battle of Yellow Ford?

Answer 23

She sent Essex as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1599 to regain control - he didn’t wanna be there and so was shit