Foreign Policy Flashcards
When did relations with Spain begin to deteriorate?
The late 1560’s
When was John Hawkins’ fleet blocked
September 1568
- Hawkins’ wanted to restrict the Spanish trade monopoly in the new world.
- Frustrated Spanish interests
- His fleet blocked in the Mexican Port of San Juan de úlua - only 2 ships able to escape
When did riots begin amongst the Dutch protestants?
Late 1560s
When did the English harass Spanish ships?
November 1568
- Spanish ships seeking shelter from a storm in English ports
- Elizabeth authorised the raids of the ships
- 400,000 florins stollen from the ships intended to pay the Duke of Alba
- Led Alba to seize english ships in retaliation
When was the Ridolfi plot?
1571 - supported by Spain
When was the revolt of the Northern Earls?
1569 - supported by Spain. Spanish troops never arrived at Hartlepool
All contributing factors that led to soured english-Spanish relations by 1570s?
- Breakdown in trade relations
- Spanish support for Northern Earls 1569 + Ridolfi 1571
- Excommunication of Elizabeth in 1570
When did Elizabeth expel the sea beggars? What was the impact?
1572 - they were forced to land the Dutch port of Brielle and sparked a full-scale revolt against Spanish rule
When was the Pacification of Ghent?
1576 - called for the removal of foreign troops from the Netherlands and for autonomy. Favoured by Elizabeth
When were Elizabeth’s marriage negotiations with the Duke of Anjou?
The mid 1570’s - the French were contemplating invading the Netherlands and so Elizabeth did so to try and maintain English control there
How did Elizabeth adopt a more anti-Spanish position in the 1570’s?
- Liz supported the Portuguese pretender Don Antonio against Philip
- Liz knighted Drake on circumnavigating the globe (irritated the Spanish massively in the process
- Liz treated the Spanish ambassador contemptuously
When was William of Orange assassinated?
1584 - rebel leader
When was the Treaty of Joinville?
Late 1584 - Philip II + French Catholic League
Why was the Treaty of Joinville particularly worrying for Elizabeth?
- Catholic alliance
- Philip now had contact with MQS (french ally)
When was the Treaty of Nonsuch?
1585 - retaliation to Treaty of Nonsuch
What was involved in the Treaty of Nonsuch?
Liz sent explicit aid to the Dutch rebels in the form of troops led by the Earl of Leicester
When were the English raids on Cadiz?
April 1587
What year was the Battle of Gravelines?
1588
Example of the continued Anglo-Spanish war?
1595 England launched three more attacks on mainland Spain and their colonies: e.g spectacular but shortlived victory capturing Cadiz - humiliated Philip
By what year had the Spanish been removed from the Northern Netherlands?
1594 - Dutch revolt was successful
Summary evaluation of Liz’s FP?
- Proved broadly successful despite short-comings and increasing expense
- The war with Spain was an expensive and ongoing sore, but England ultimately faired better from the conflict
- Elizabeth’s reputation was enhanced
Explain the ongoing issue of Ireland?
3 uprisings in 25 years against English rule - Irish triumph at the Battle of Yellowford
How did Elizabeth respond to the loss at the Battle of Yellow Ford?
She sent Essex as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1599 to regain control - he didn’t wanna be there and so was shit
