Religions Midterm Jainism Flashcards
Jainism Agamas canon
the canonical texts of the Śvetāmbara sect of Jainism. The Agamas are considered to be based on an authentic oral tradition. They contain the teachings of Mahavira, the most recent Tirthankara.
Jainism Purva
a collection of ancient Jain scriptures that are considered foundational to the religion. The term “Purva” means “ancient” or “previous” in Sanskrit. a collection of 14 ancient Jain scriptures.
Jainism Scripture of Six Parts
a Jain scripture that is divided into six parts. It is also known as the “Scripture in Six Parts”.
-Jīva Sthāna: Categories of living beings
-Kṣudraka Bāndha: Minutiae of bondage
-Bāndhasvāmitva: Ownership of bondage
-Vedanā: Perception
-Varganā: Divisions of karmas
-Mahābāndha: Great bondage
Jainism Universal History
the biographies of specific categories and numbers of heroes and other characters, who are thought to recur in every half-cycle of time. These characters are śalākā-puruṣas or mahā-puruṣas – ‘great men’.
Jainism tirthankaras
is a saviour and supreme preacher of the dharma. The word tirthankara signifies the founder of a tirtha, a fordable passage across saṃsāra, the sea of interminable birth and death.
Jainism jiva
a Sanskrit word that refers to the soul, or conscious living being. Jains believe that all living things, including humans and plants, have souls.
Jainism mahavratas
the five great vows that Jain monks and nuns take to live a life of purity and spiritual growth. The vows are: -Ahimsa: Non-violence, or abstaining from injuring any living being
-Satya: Truthfulness, or abstaining from falsehood
-Asteya: Not stealing, or abstaining from theft
-Aparigraha: Non-acquisition, or abstaining from all attachment
-Brahmacharya: Chaste living, or abstaining from self-indulgence
Janism Jina
a holy being who has achieved enlightenment and liberation from the cycle of rebirth. The word “Jina” means “liberator” or “victor”. Jinas are also known as Tirthankaras, which means “holy men” or “forders”.
Jainism Mahavira
(599–527 BCE) was a religious leader and philosopher who is considered the founder of the current form of Jainism. He was the 24th Tirthankara, or “Supreme Preacher”, in the Jain tradition. Jains believe that Mahavira was the last of the Tirthankaras, divine teachers who have existed since the beginning of time
Jainism shramana
Jainism is a religion that originated from the Shramana movement, an ancient Indian religious tradition. Shramanas were ascetics who renounced worldly life in pursuit of spiritual liberation.
Jainism asceticism
a practice of self-discipline and renunciation of worldly pleasures to achieve liberation. Jains believe that asceticism can help purify the soul and overcome karma.
Jainism ahimsa
the principle of non-violence in Jainism, and is considered the religion’s most fundamental principle. It is a way of life that includes avoiding harm to all living beings, in thought, word, and deed.
Jainism three core practices
Ahimsa (non-violence), Anekantavada (non-absolutism), and Aparigraha (non-attachment).
-Ahimsa (non-violence):
This is the most prominent Jain principle, emphasizing non-violence in thoughts, words, and actions towards all living beings.
-Anekantavada (non-absolutism):
This concept refers to the idea that reality has many facets and cannot be understood from a single perspective.
-Aparigraha (non-attachment):
This means avoiding unnecessary possessions and living a life of simplicity.
Jainism kevala
the concept of omniscience, or supreme wisdom. It’s the final stage of spiritual development in Jainism. The word kevala comes from Sanskrit and means “one and only”. Kevala is believed to be an innate quality of all souls, but it’s hidden by karmic particles.
Jainism Digambara
a Jain sect that practices nudity and non-possession. The word “Digambara” is Sanskrit for “sky-clad”. Digambara monks believe that nakedness is an ideal form of conduct and that it symbolizes complete detachment.
Jainism Shvetambara
one of the two main sects of Jainism, an Indian religion. Shvetambara monks and nuns wear white clothing. Shvetambaras believe that women can attain enlightenment, while Digambaras believe that women must be reborn as men.
Jainism samyak darshana
“right perception” or “right faith”. It’s one of the three “jewels” of Jainism, along with right knowledge and right conduct. It’s a foundational element on the path to liberation.
Jainism gunasthanas
any of the 14 stages of spiritual development through which a soul passes on its way to moksha (spiritual liberation)
Jainism swastika
represents the four states of existence and the cycle of birth and death. It appears on the Jain flag and in Jain temples and holy books. The swastika’s four arms symbolize the four states of existence: heaven, hell, human, and plant or animal.
Jainism whisk
