Religions Midterm Confucianism Flashcards
Confucianism K’ung-fu tzu
K’ung-fu-tzu (孔夫子), also known as Confucius, was a Chinese philosopher, teacher, and political figure who lived from 551–479 BCE. His teachings, known as Confucianism, emphasize ethics, education, and rituals. -Family and society: Create ethical models for family and public interactions
-Education: Provide education for all people without discrimination
-Behavior: Be considerate to others, respect your ancestors, and strive for balance
-Government: Rule by moral example, not by force
Confucianism Analects
Sayings of Confucius, is an ancient Chinese philosophical text composed of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled by his followers. Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself
Confucianism filial piety
is a Confucian virtue that emphasizes respect and care for one’s parents and ancestors. It’s a core value in Chinese culture and is also common in East Asian societies and among Asian-Americans.
Confucianism li
a central concept that refers to proper conduct, ritual, or propriety. It’s a practical philosophy that emphasizes harmony, sincerity, and purity. is a code of civility that guides how to behave in public and private. is important because Confucianists believe that proper actions must be paired with proper thoughts.
Confucianism ren
is a core virtue in Confucianism that means “humaneness” or “benevolence”. It’s a fundamental principle that involves being kind, caring, and empathetic towards others. is the essence of being human, and is achieved through altruism and striving for higher ideals. It’s also about building positive relationships with others and contributing to the community.
Confucianism mandate of heaven
the idea that Heaven grants the right to rule to a virtuous emperor or ruler. The ruler is considered the Son of Heaven and is responsible for the well-being of the people. The ruler is expected to be righteous and benevolent. The ruler is responsible for the harmony of the empire.
Confucianism tian
the concept of Heaven, which is a force that influences people’s lives and moral obligations. Tian is often translated as “heaven”, but its meaning can vary depending on the context. Tian can refer to:
A supreme deity that controls lesser gods and humans
An impersonal force that controls events
A holy world or afterlife
Confucianism five relationships
The five fundamental relationships in Confucianism are:
Ruler and subject: The ruler has authority over the subject
-Father and son: The father is responsible for the son’s education and moral development
-Elder brother and younger brother: The elder brother is responsible for the younger brother
-Husband and wife: The husband has authority over the wife
-Friend and friend: An equal relationship
These relationships are complementary and work in harmony. They are also hierarchical, with some relationships being more important than others.
Confucianism rectification of names
the idea that people should live up to the meaning of their names and social roles. Confucius believed that this would lead to a harmonious society.
Confucianism Silver Rule
the idea that people should not treat others in ways they would not want to be treated. It is a negative version of the Golden Rule.
Confucianism junzi (exemplary persons)
an exemplary person who embodies moral qualities like wisdom, integrity, and courage. The term junzi literally translates to “son of a nobleman”, but it’s now more commonly translated as “exemplary person”.
Confucianism Mencius
was a Chinese Confucian philosopher, often described as the Second Sage to reflect his traditional esteem relative to Confucius himself. He was part of Confucius’s fourth generation of disciples, inheriting his ideology and developing it further. 372 BCE
