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Honors International Studies > Religion Quiz Prep > Flashcards

Religion Quiz Prep Flashcards

1
Q

Define monotheism.

A

Religion that believes in only one god.

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2
Q

Which three major world religions are monotheistic?

A

Islam, Judaism, and Christianity

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3
Q

What is a sect?

A

A set of beliefs

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4
Q

What rules do Islam , Judaism, and Christianity all embrace to some degree?

A

The Ten Commandments

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5
Q

What is orthodoxy?

A

Fundamentalism; following the religious texts as literally as possible

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6
Q

Which 3 religions have roots in or around Jerusalem?

A

Islam, Judaism, and Christianity

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7
Q

Who founded Judaism, and when did he found it?

A

Abraham around 1300 B.C. (some sources say 2000 B.C.)

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8
Q

What are the 5 major beliefs followed in Judaism?

A

1) Monotheistic - one God created universe and rules over it
2) Be faithful to God and follow the Ten Commandments
3) Say daily prayers
4) Honor the Sabbath
5) Eat Kosher (food in accordance with ritual standards)

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9
Q

What is Judaism’s sacred text?

A

The Torah

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10
Q

What is written in the Torah?

A

The first 5 books of the Old Testament in a different order.

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11
Q

How many are in the Jewish population?

A

15 million Jews worldwide; largest group in Israel

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12
Q

Who founded Christianity and when was it founded?

A

Jesus in first century AD

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13
Q

How many are in the Christian population?

A

Over 2 billion worldwide; largest religion

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14
Q

What sect of Christianity has over one billion followers?

A

Roman Catholic

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15
Q

Who founded Islam and when did he found it?

A

Muhammad the Prophet in 610 AD

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16
Q

What are the two main Islamic beliefs?

A

Submission to god (Allah)

Muhammad is the prophet and law giver

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17
Q

What is the sacred text of Islam?

A

The Koran (Qu’ran)

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18
Q

What is the Koran?

A

Islamic holy book that contains messages from the angel Gabriel to Muhammad; some stories are variations on Biblical ones

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19
Q

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

A

1) Faith - submission to god’s will
2) Prayer - 5x a day facing Mecca (kneel, bow, touch forehead to the ground)
3) Alms - giving of charity (wealthy should assist poor and weak)
4) Fasting - occurs during Ramadan (sunrise to sunset), call for prayer, then 3 day party
5) Pilgrimage - Hajj to Mecca; expected to make trip at least once

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20
Q

What is the population of Islam?

A

About one billion followers

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21
Q

What are the two sects of Islam and where are they located?

A

Sunni - 85%; considered orthodox; ISIS; live in Iraq

Shi’ite - 15%; disagrees with who should be the successors; live in Iran

22
Q

Where do Muslims live?

A

Africa, Asia, Middle East

23
Q

Where do Jews live?

A

Israel

24
Q

Where do:

a) Protestants live?
b) Catholics live?

A

a) North America, South Africa, Northern Europe, Australia

b) South America, Central Africa, Western Europe

25
Q

Where do Hindus live?

A

India

26
Q

Where do Buddhists live?

A

Mongolia, Eastern China, Koreas

27
Q

Where are the three traditional Indian beliefs?

A

1) All living things have souls (animals are sacred; killing is forbidden)
2) Reincarnation - rebirth of the soul that passes through life forms before spiritual perfection
3) Next life depends on Karma

28
Q

Who founded Hinduism and when was it founded?

A

No particular person; founded around 1500 B.C.; one of the oldest major religions

29
Q

When did Hinduism and Judaism reach their classical forms?

A

5th century AD

30
Q

What is the Hindu sacred text?

A

No single religious text; great diversity of belief and practice; Vedas are one text

31
Q

What do Hindus worship?

A

Divine reminders of gods and animals

32
Q

What are the two most sacred animals?

A

Cows and peacocks

33
Q

What day is the Hindu Sabbath?

A

No universally accepted Sabbath; every day is the Sabbath

34
Q

What is reincarnation?

A

Path to spiritual perfection based on Karma

35
Q

What is a common pathway to enlightenment?

A

Yoga

36
Q

What is the Caste System?

A

4-5 class system that you are born into

37
Q

What are the orders of the Caste system?

A

1) Priests and Academics (Brahmins)
2) Military (Kshatriyas)
3) Middle Class (Vaishyas)
4) Peasants and Servants (Sudras)
5) Untouchables (Dalit)

38
Q

What are Hindus expected to do within their class?

A

Marry, eat, drink, smoke, etc.

39
Q

What is the Hindu population?

A

850 million - 1 billion worldwide

40
Q

Where is the largest grouping of Hindus found?

A

India (90%)

41
Q

Who founded Buddhism and when did he found it?

A

Founded by Siddhartha Gautama in 525 B.C.

42
Q

What is India’s 2nd religion?

A

Buddhism

43
Q

What are the three major beliefs of Buddhism?

A

1) Reincarnation, but anyone can stop cycle by following the eightfold path
2) 4 Noble Truths
3) The Eightfold Path

44
Q

What are the Four Noble Truths?

A

1) All people suffer and know sorrow.
2) People suffer because of their desires.
3) People can end their suffering by eliminating desire.
4) People can eliminate desire by following the eightfold path.

45
Q

What is the Eightfold Path?

A

1) Know truth.
2) Resist evil.
3) Say nothing to hurt others.
4) Respect life.
5) Work for the good of others.
6) Free your minds of evil.
7) Control your thoughts.
8) Practice meditation.

46
Q

What is the sacred text of Buddhism?

A

There is none; shares basic beliefs with Hinduism

47
Q

What did Buddha teach?

A

Life is filled with suffering. To be free of suffering, believers give up their worldly possessions and goals in order to reach Nirvana.

48
Q

What is Nirvana?

A

State of oneness with universe and freedom from rebirth.

49
Q

How many are in the Buddhist population?

A

360 million worldwide

50
Q

Where is the largest Buddhist grouping found?

A

Asia (98%)

Honors International Studies (9 decks)

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