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GCSE RE > Religion, Peace & Conflict > Flashcards

Religion, Peace & Conflict Flashcards

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1
Q

Define forgiveness

A

Pardoning someone for something they gave done wrong

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2
Q

Define reconciliation

A

The restoration of harmony after the breakdown of a relationship

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3
Q

Define justice

A

Fairness for all people

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4
Q

Define righteous anger

A

Anger against an injustice

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5
Q

Define holy war

A

A war with a religious goal, authorised by a religious leader with a spiritual reward

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6
Q

Define a just war

A

A war fought by the right reasons and in the right way

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7
Q

Define WMD

A

Weapons of mass destruction

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8
Q

Define nuclear war

A

War which makes use of nuclear weapons

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9
Q

Define non-violent resistance

A

Conflict that is resolved without the use of violence

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10
Q

Define conflict resolution

A

A way for two or more parties to find a peaceful solution to a disagreement among them

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11
Q

Define pacifism

A

The belief that all violence, war and conflict is always wrong or sinful

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12
Q

Define terrorism

A

Terrorism is where an individual, or a group of people who share certain beliefs, uses terror as part of a campaign to further their cause.

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13
Q

Define radicalisation

A

The process by whihc people adopt increasingly extreme positions on religious, social or political issues

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14
Q

What is martydom

A

The suffering or death of a martyr

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15
Q

State one example of violence in the Bible

A

The stroy pf Cain & Abel (Genesis 4:5-11)

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16
Q

State the order of the story of Cain & Abel

A
  • Cain was jealous of his brother
  • Genesis 4:7: God sid to Cain ‘Sin is lurking at the door…you must master it’
  • Cain’s angry thoughts led to violence
  • Cain plotted to kill his brother
  • Genesis 4:8: ‘Cain rose up against his brother Bael, and killed him’
  • Genesis 4:10 God said to Cain ‘your brother’s blood is crying out to me from the ground’x Emphisises God’s omniscience, suggesting his knowledge of the commitment of sin, highlighting the need for reconsiliation.
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17
Q

What does John 14:27 state?

A

People need a deep feeling of wellbeing and an inner calm - the peace that Jesus gives (John 14:27) - to face life’s challenges.

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18
Q

What does Matthew 5:21-22 state?

A

You have heard that it was said to those of ancient times, ‘You shall not murder’; and ‘whoever murders shall be liable to judgement. But I say to you that if you are angry with a brother or sister, you will be liable to judgement; and if you insult a brother or sister, you will be liable to the council; and if you say, ‘You fool’, you will be liable to the hell of fire. emphasizes the importance of inner righteousness, not just external compliance with the law. He teaches that harboring anger or contempt towards others is morally equivalent to murder. This shows that Jesus is concerned with the state of our hearts, not just our actions.

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19
Q

What does Luke 23:24 state about forgiveness?

A

Father, forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing.

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20
Q

What does John 21:15-17 state about forgiveness?

A

Jesus forgave Peter for denying him

21
Q

What does Matthew 18:21-22 state about forgiveness?

A

Peter asked how many times he should forgive his brother, ‘As many as seven times?’ Jesus replied, ‘seventy-seven times’- You must forgive your brother for sins done against you as many times as your brother needs forgiving. Show your brother an infinite amount of mercy and forgiveness.

22
Q

What does Matthew 6:12 state about forgiveness?

A

The Lord’s Prayer says, ‘forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors’ Too often we confuse forgiveness and reconciliation. On an individual level, forgiveness takes only one person— reconciliation takes, at the very least, two people. You can forgive someone and never reconcile with them, but you cannot truly reconcile with someone without forgiving them first.

23
Q

What quote talks pf bullying in the bible?

A

James 3:8-10: but no one can tame the tongue - a restless evil, full of deadly poison. With it we bless the Lord and Father, and with it we curse those who are made in the likeness of God!- Words can destroy a person’s self-esteem, cause fear, and leave them with a sense of powerlessness.

24
Q

What doesMatthew 5:24 state about reconciliation?

A

Jesus emphasised the importance of reconciliation by saying that if you are bringing a gift to God but have a problem with someone you need to sort it out first. Those with unforgiven sin must not worship until they have reconsiled

25
Q

What does John 14:27 state about reconsilitation?

A

Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not let them be afraid. This emphisises the need of reconsiliatipn, stating that without, peace amongst the world would be lost and only temporary peace would be sustained through 1 sided forgiveness

26
Q

What does Pope Francis state about reconciliation?

A

Pope Francis has called for reconciliation and respect between religions.

27
Q

What does reconciliation bring?

A
  • Learning from the past
  • A more peaceful future
  • A respect for other people’s religions and beliefs
  • An opportunity to live without fear
  • Appreciation and acceptance of eachother
  • A stronger relationship
28
Q

Qhat are 2 biblical teachings on justice?

A
  • Amos 5:23-24: Take away from me the noise of your songs; I will not listen to the melody of your harps. But let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.
    Key message:
  • The Catholic Church teaches that it is God’s desire that everyone should be treated fairly.
  • The Old Testament prophet Amos taught that creating justice is more important than ensuring that worship is done correctly.
29
Q

Why is injustice wrong?

A

Injutsice can cauze people to lose theor sense of self-worth and self-respect. It can deny people dignity because they have been treated unfairly

30
Q

Should we use violent protest to respond to injustice? Under what circumstances?

A

Violent protests may be used in some circumstances provided no one is haemes. Soem partake as they believe it is the only way to get government to notice and end injustice.

31
Q

Why might people be against violent protests?

A

Many Christians believe that violent protest is an ineffective and damgonf way to create change and may result in a loss in life. It may be provided ineffective as it may be deemed as hypocritical, particularly when protesting against violence.

32
Q

What is the christian view on righteous anger?

A

Many Christians believe that righteous anger is acceptable because it can be controlled and channelled into positive action, which can improve a situation.

33
Q

What does the Just War Criteria include?

A
  • It must be a just cause eg: self defence
  • There must be a reasonable chance of winning and bringing lasting peace
  • It must be declared by a legitimate authority
  • Only proportional force should be used
  • Innocent civilians should not be attacked
  • It must be the last resort, having tried to solve the dispute
34
Q

What are the 5 main reasons why the Catholic Church opposes weapons of mass destruction?

A
  • They are completely indiscriminate and have long-term effects
  • They are disproportionate to any possible success that may follow
  • With WMDs, the possibility of success is small; there are no ‘victor, only victims’ (Pope Benedict XVI)
  • The cost pf researching, building and maintaining these weapons is great; it prevents givernmenrs from spreadinf to improve people’s lives and living conditions (The Soviet Union during Cold War and impact fo arms race and WMDs on loving conditions and collapsing economy.
  • Pissession of these weapons increases tension and fear, making the world less safe (Eg: Soviet Union and USA during Cold war)
35
Q

What are the three main consequences of modern warfare?

A
  • Civilin casulties: The catholci church teaches rhat it is wrong for covilians ro be attacked. They should be protected. The Catechism of the Catholic Church 2131 states that ‘Non-combatants, wounded soldiers, and prisoners must be respected and treated humanely,
  • Refugees: Many civilians forced to flee fighting either due to destruction of hokes or risk of death. Flee with few possessions. End up living in poor conditons in refugee camps. Catholic church belives refugees should be welcomed and protected and actively campaigns for government and individuals to help.
  • Environmental damage: Modern warfare can destriy karge area sof land. Chemical weapons and nuclear weapons can affect the vegetation for decades after a war due to radiation. As ‘Stewards of the earth’, we have a responsibility to limit any damaeg to the environment. Popes condemned use of practices that ruin environment.
36
Q

What is the Catholic view on terrorism?

A

Pope Francis has said that it is wrong to carry out acts of terrorism in the name of God: ‘Terrorism threatens, wounds, and kills indiscriminately; it is gravely against justice and charity! (Catechism of the Catholic Church 2297.) and goes against the sactity of life.

37
Q

What are 2 practical things Pope Francis has done to bring peaceful solutions to conflict?

A
  • In 2013, he urged people to pray for peace in eastern Ukraine, highltighting the number pf civilian casualties
  • In 2013, he organised a meeting of prayer between rhe presidents of Israel and Palestine. He hoped to help bring the two leaders into a position wher echange could occur
38
Q

What are 2 Catholic agencies that help victims of war and examples?

A
  • CAFOD: After cicvil war in Sienna Lepnw (1991-2002) CAFOD set up orphanages and rehabilitation programmes to help children who had been forced to become soldiers.
  • Caritas International: After fighting in Niger in 2015, many fled their homes and were living under trees. They provided food, water and shelter, even where the aid workers were themselves in danger of being attacked.
39
Q

What are 2 Catholic teachings on Pacifism (Bible quotes)

A

Matthew 5:9: ‘Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God’
Matthew 26:52: ‘all who take the sword will perish by the sword!

40
Q

Give 2 examples of when differences in religion have caused war

A
  • The Crusades- took place between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries.aimed to free Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the control of the Muslim Turks. were authorised by various Popes, who believed it to be God’s will
  • The Thirty year war
  • Conflicts in the Middle East
41
Q

Give 3 non-religious reasons a war may occur

A
  • Economics
  • Self-defence
  • To gain land and thus gaining power and influence (Eg: Soviet Union, Cpmmunism)
42
Q

What are 2 catholic organisations working for peace?

A

Pax Christi: Get sinvolved at an early stage of a cpnflict to encourage people to solve disputes peacefully and fairly
Justice and Peace commision: Raises awarness of situations where people are deprived of their rights and needs, and campaigns against nucleae weapons and the arms trade

43
Q

What are Christian Pacifist views?

A
  • War causes such detramenral and irriversable destruction, that problems need to be solved through more peaceful ways.
  • Jesus taught that peace is better than violence
  • Some people have a religious or moral belief in the sanctity of life
  • War never solves problems
44
Q

What are opposing views on pacifism?

A
  • Force is sometimes necessary to solve disputes
  • It is the duty of a country to defend irs peoples
  • Peace can only be built on mutual respect which is unlikley if one party isn’t prepared to defend itself
  • A country that isn’t prepared to fight is seen as weak and thus more likely to be attacked
45
Q

What are Catholic views on torture?

A

It is illegal, it denies rhe vict8m their basic human rights, international law doesn’t allow it even in war, Catholics see it as alway wrong and inhumane, views it as barbaric

46
Q

What are Catholic views on radicalisation?

A

Catholic Church focuses on mutual respect so is concenrned about radicalisation as it can make people unwilling to accept alternate views. Seen as a threat to the unity and stabilty pf society and can potentially lead to terrorism.

47
Q

What are Catholic views on Martydom?

A

Christian martyrs follow the teaching and example of Jesus who said, If any want to become my followers, let them deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me. (Matthew 16:24

48
Q

Give on Christian qho has used non violent protests successfully and one occasion the Catholic Churhc have supported a potentially violent protests

A

Non violent: Martin Luther King Jr, a Christian leader, used non- violent protests to gight for sivil rights in the US
Violent: The church took part in protests which became violent against the governmenr in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2015. NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Coloured Poeple. During the medievel crusades, the catholic church supported military campaigns to reclaim Holy Land

49
Q

What are other views on terrorism?

A

Secular perspectives often argue against terrorism due to its harm to society and innocent people, prioritizing human rights and international law.

GCSE RE (2 decks)

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