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A GCSE Emergency Pack > Religion: paper 1, units 1,2,3,4 > Flashcards

Religion: paper 1, units 1,2,3,4 Flashcards

1
Q

What source of wisdom and authority backs up the existence of the Trinity?

A

The Nicene Creed: I believe in one God, the Father almighty… I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ.. I believe in the Holy Spirit’

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2
Q

Wat is the trinity?

A

The belief that one God is three persons. Each person is fully God.

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3
Q

What does revelation mean? (Religion)

A

Something that is revealed by God to humans

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4
Q

What does the trinity reveal about the nature of God to Catholics?

A

Outside as father and creator
Beside us as son and saviour
Inside us as we are strengthened by the Holy Spirit

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5
Q

Over what time period did God create the universe according to Genesis?

A

In six days. Rested on the seventh

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6
Q

What are the two interpretations of genesis?

A

Literal interpretation (creationists) and metaphorical interpretation (Catholics)

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7
Q

What is the belief of dominion and stewardship?

A

The belief humans should take care of the Earth and rule over it

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8
Q

What do Catholics believe about our creation in relation to God?

A

Humans were created imago Dei, meaning in the image of God

‘Let us make man in our image’ genesis 1:26

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9
Q

What do some evangelical conservative Christians believe about a balance of dominion and stewardship?

A

Stewardship (caring for the world) is pointless as Jesus will soon return, which will mean the end of the world anyway

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10
Q

What is the incarnation?

A

God becoming fully human in Jesus

‘The Word [jesus] became flesh and dwelt among us’ John 1:14

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11
Q

What is some supposed evidence that Jesus was Not fully divine?

A

Accused of blasphemy: forgave the sins of a paralysed man, allowed disciples to pick corn on the sabbath

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12
Q

What is the paschal mystery

A

The passion, death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus

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13
Q

What does redemption mean in relation to the paschal mystery?

A

Jesus life was redeemed (exchanged) for freedom from sin for all humans

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14
Q

What is redemptive efficacy (in relation to the paschal mystery)?

A

The bringing about of human redemption by Jesus’ obedience to God and suffering

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15
Q

How is the paschal mystery expressed in the church today?

A

Catholics continue to participate in the paschal mystery through the life of the church, the Eucharist is the most important expression of the paschal mystery in the church today . Accepting the Eucharist is a sign of accepting God’s offer of salvation

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16
Q

Why is the Holy Spirit significant in the New Testament?

A

Empowered apostles at Pentecost, which is seen as the beginning of the Christian Church. Peter understood Jesus and Paschal Mystery far better after receiving Holy Spirit.

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17
Q

What does the Church teach about salvation?

A

It’s not something humans can achieve themselves, they accept it from God, who offers it to everyone. They have to accept that Jesus has saved them from sin.

‘God sent the Son into the world… [so] The world might be saved through him [Jesus]’ John 3:17

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18
Q

What are the seven sacraments? Give a brief description of each

A

Baptism - freed from sin and become children of God. Sacrament of induction.
Confirmation - receive Holy Spirit
Eucharist - receive Christ’s body and blood
Matrimony - graces provided for loving relationship and procreation
Holy Orders - graces provided for ordained ministers of the church
Reconciliation - repentance of sins restores the relationship with God
Anointing of the sick - god healing grace unites the suffering person with Jesus’ passion

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19
Q

What’s eschatology?

A

The Christian study of the last things in human life: death, judgement, heaven, hell and purgatory

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20
Q

What do Catholics believe happens when they die?

A

They’re resurrected as Jesus was, there will be a reward of eternal life for those who pleaded God

‘Whoever lives and believes in me shall never die’ John 11:25-26
‘Each one may receive good or evil, according to what he has done in the body’ 2 Corinthians 5:10

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21
Q

What’s particular judgement

A

After death a person will go to heaven, purgatory and then heaven, or hell

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22
Q

What’s general or last judgement?

A

The end of time. Everyone, living and dead, will be resurrected and a final and eternal judgement will take place

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23
Q

What is heaven?

A

Eternal life with god, ‘a life of love and indescribable joy’ CCC 1027

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24
Q

What’s purgatory

A

A stage of purification, ‘this enables people to reach the holiness required to get into heaven’ CCC 1030

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25
What is hell?
This is not punishment | from God but the absence of the love, generosity and community of God
26
What’s a sacrament?
A religious ritual performed in the life of the Church that brings people into holiness. It’s an outward sign of an inward gift, instituted by Christ (Christian church believe Jesus introduced the seven sacraments) in order to give grace (gods life, presence or holiness) to a human being
27
What does ‘the sacramental nature of really’ mean?
Means finding the grace of god in the physical world
28
What are the sacraments of initiation?
Baptism, confirmation, Eucharist
29
What are the sacraments Of healing?
Reconciliation and anointing of the sick
30
What are the sacraments of vocation
Matrimony and holy orders
31
What do Catholics, orthodox, most Protestant Christians and some Protestant Christians believe about sacraments
Catholic + orthodox: all sacraments performed and a sacrament Most Protestants: only baptism and Eucharist are sacraments Some Protestants: no sacraments are sacraments
32
What is liturgical worship?
Structured, public service of worship set out by the Catholic Church
33
What is a doctrine
Teaching that has been passed on from the earliest times through the Catholic Church. This is called the apostolic tradition
34
What is a creed?
A formal expression of what the church believes
35
What is the mass?
The central act of worship celebrated nearly every day in the Catholic Church
36
What are the four main parts of the mass?
Introductory rites, liturgy of the word, liturgy of the Eucharist, concluding rites
37
What is the funeral rite
Ceremonies carried out when a catholic dies. Celebrates persons journey to eternal life ‘I look forward to... the life of the world to come’ Niceness Creed
38
What’s efficacious prayer?
Prayer to help and encourage a deceased person
39
Why is ‘The Lord’s Prayer’ significant
The our father, It was given to the disciples by Jesus Is ‘the most perfect of prayers’ CCC 2763
40
What are the two types of prayer
Formal: formulaic, words from the churches tradition | Extempore prayer: informal, uses own words, without planning
41
What is popular piety
Worship that is not part of the formal liturgy of the church. Is non liturgical
42
Give three examples of popular piety
The rosary , Eucharistic adoration, stations of the cross ‘Expressions of piety extend the liturgical life of the church, but do not replace it’ CCC 1675
43
What do Protestants believe about the rosary stations of the cross and Eucharistic adoration
Rosary some don’t use because its connected to the elevated status of Mary Protestants don’t use stations of cross, but do focus on suffering of Jesus Protestant Christians don’t believe in moment of transubstantiation
44
What are three key sites of pilgrimage? Give a brief description of purpose + beliefs
Jerusalem: jesus’ death and resurrection, common place of pilgrimage for all Christians Rome: home of pope, non catholic Christians don’t recognise authority of pope Lourdes: Mary appeared to st Bernadette 18 time in 1858, catholic pilgrimage as other Christians don’t elevate Mary
45
What do some Protestant denominations believe about pilgrimage?
It’s not a central part of Christian life, but is encouraged
46
What are the seven themes of catholic social teaching
1 sacredness of life and dignity of human person 2 call to family, community, participation 3 human rites, responsibility to protect them 4 preferential option for poor and vulnerable 5 dignity of work and rights of workers 6 solidarity with all people as one family 7 stewardship and care for gods creation
47
What are three things catholic social teaching things society should provide
Justice Peace Reconciliation (protecting dignity and rights of human person matter where they are)
48
What are the two ways a person can show mercy
Corporal (bodily) works of mercy | Spiritual worKs of mercy
49
What is the idea of ‘mission’
The idea a person is sent to others to help them or bring them something of benefit
50
What is evangelism
To proclaim and live out the gospel, as Jesus sent the apostles to do
51
What four things are n the Old Testament?
Law, includes 613 commandments revealed to Moses History, of Jewish people Prophets, messages from God Writings, tell stories and educate
51
Outline two different Christian beliefs on the bible
Catholic bible includes seven deuterocanonical books not in the Protestant bible Some Eastern Orthodox Churches includes additional scriptures not recognised by Catholic Church
51
What are the three different ways to interpret the bible?
Inspired word of God: Catholic view. Human authors were inspired by Holy Spirit to write bible. ‘All scripture is inspired by God) 2 Timothy 3:16 Literal word of God: Some Christians. No mistakes possible. Liberal view: some Christians, bible written by regular humans, God not involved. Includes spiritual not literal truths.
52
What is the magisterium? What’s its job?
The teaching authority of the Church, held by the Pope and his Bishops, given by Jesus with power of Holy Spirit. Role is to protect Bible and apostolic tradition for modern Christians.
53
What does pontifical mean?
Something directly declared by the pope. Immaculate conception and Assumption of Mary declared so far
54
What’s infallible?
Something that can’t be wrong.
55
What’s Conciliar mean?
Something that’s gone through an ecumenical council to be decided and discussed
56
What is the second Vatican council?
A large ecumenical council held in the Vatican to discuss teaching and belief in the modern world
57
What are the four constitutions produced at the second Vatican council?
The constitution on the sacred liturgy: reform of the liturgy Dogmatic constitution on the church: beliefs about the church Dogmatic constitution on divine revelation: scripture Pastoral constitution on the church in the modern world: humanity and society
58
What is ecumenism
Unity among Christian denominations
59
What does ‘the body of christ’ mean when relating to the church?
The individuals who form the Christian community. Part of God’s ‘Holy Nation’ 1 Peter 2:9 ‘Christ has no body but yours’ St Teresa of Avila Jesus is the head that leads the body
60
Who is the head of the church and who is the body of Christ for: Catholics, Orthodox, Protestants
Catholic: Pope head, Catholics body Orthodox: Councils of patriarchs working with agreement of people head, Orthodox Church body Protestants: Bible as gods word is authority/head, all Christians body
61
What are the four marks of the church
Holy, set apart for special purpose, Jesus is source of holiness one, unity of trinity + united in mass catholic, meaning ‘universal’, jesus universally present apostolic, apostolic tradition as authority passed down ‘We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic church’ Nicene creed
62
What does ‘the immaculate conception’ mean
Mary was born without sin, so she could give birth to Jesus without sin
63
What role does Mary play in the church
She’s the mother of the church since she is the mother of Jesus and the church is the body of Christ She has ‘union with Christ’ CCC 964
64
What are ‘Marian solemnities’
Important feast days dedicated to Mary
65
What is morality?
Doing what is right. Gospel gave clear examples of this, mostly through Jesus
66
What three things should influence a Catholics ethical decision making
Their conscience, informed by scripture and tradition, under authority of magisterium
67
What is ‘the immaculate conception’ and who believes in it?
Mary was conceived without original sin. Everyone who believes in the New Testament believes in it because it’s in the Bible
68
What is ‘the assumption’?. Who believes in it?
Mary going straight to heaven because she has no sin. Catholics believe in this as it’s part of the CCC
69
What does the word church mean?
The ‘house of the lord’ ‘A worthy place for prayer and sacred ceremonial’ CCC 1181
70
Give three features of church and an explanation of what they symbolise
- many churches face east, sun rises in the east, as Jesus rose on day of resurrection - many churches are cruciform (shaped like a cross), cross is a symbol of the church, a reminder of Jesus’ death and sacrifice - some churches are round, eternal nature of God - some churches are octagonal, represent a star, bringing light to the world - high vaulted ceilings and spires, connect to heaven and reach towards God - stained glass windows, tell stories of saints from bible
71
What’s the purpose, meaning and significance of the Lectern?
Book stand from which readings proclaimed, redemption achieved through responding to the word of God ‘A Suitable place for announcing His (God’s) message’ CCC 1184
72
What’s the purpose, meaning and significance of the Altar?
Table that is a focal point inside the church. Represents the table at the last supper + the altar in the Temple Moses built ‘The altar is also the table of the Lord’ CCC 1182
73
What’s the purpose, meaning and significance of the crucifix?
Cross with image of crucified Jesus on. Aid to prayer, reminder of Jesus’ suffering and how redemption is made possible.
74
What’s the purpose, meaning and significance of the Tabernacle?
Box where consecrated host is kept. ‘Dwelling place’ of Jesus in a physical sense in the church, links to Tabernacle Moses kept Ten Commandments in u
75
What are sacred objects?
Objects such as relics, rosary beads, candles and holy water Also called ‘objects of devotion’
76
What are the sacred vessels
Key in celebration of Eucharist Chalice for wine, paten for large host used by priest, ciborium for rest of hosts
77
What’s a sarcophagus?
A box like container for a corpse. Popes often buried in them today. Used as a physical reminder of person buried, and a focus on prayer
78
What are hunger cloths?
Used in the Middle Ages to cover altar during lent. Covered in images from bible to help those who couldn’t read. Still used in developing countries as a reminder that God is with them.
79
What are the four types of Catholic artwork?
Paintings, frescos, mosaics, drawings
80
What is the brief history of artwork in Catholicism?
Many destroyed in 8th and 9th centuries during Iconoclasm and again during Reformation Renaissance art (1300-1700 ce) usually focused on religious themes
81
Explain the artwork of ‘The Sistine Chapel’
In the Sistine Chapel, the Vatican. Made by Michelangelo in 1512. He tried to remain faithful to scripture. Has layers of meaning for purpose of debate
82
What are Christian beliefs on artwork in the church
All church art must be ‘evoking and glorifying, in faith and adoration, the transcendent mystery of God’ CCC 2502 Orthodox Christians have a long history of iconography, icons used in public liturgy + encourage use in private meditation
83
What are Catholic beliefs on sculptures and statues?
Most churches have several statues They’re a way of expressing God given talents In the Bible, God directed construction of several statues
84
Give three examples of symbolism or imagery historically used in Christianity
- Cross and crucifix: reminder of Jesus’ death and resurrection, used since 5th century - The Fish: used by early Christians for secrecy - the chi rho: first 2 letters of word ‘christ’ in Greek. Used by Romans when Christianity official religion - the dove: dove links to Holy Spirit + peace, used in artwork - alpha and omega: jesus says ‘I am the alpha and the omega’ Revelation 22:13, shows his eternal nature. Found on paschal candle + altar decorations
85
What are the two forms of drama in Christianity
Mystery plays (learn and remember bible stories) and passion plays (focus on story of Jesus’ death and resurrection)
86
What are the four types of music used in worship?
Hymns- religious songs for praise, adoration or prayer Plainchant- singing without music Psalms- found in Old Testament Worship songs- contemporary.
87
How does music express belief?
Music engages heart in worship ‘make melody to the lord with all your heart’ CCC 2641 Music increases value of prayer ‘he who sings prays twice’ CCC 1156

A GCSE Emergency Pack (16 decks)

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