Religion in Global Context

Question 1

Davie

Answer 1

Fundamentalism occurs where those hold traditional beliefs/values are threatened by modernity and feel need to defend

Question 2

Giddens

Answer 2

Fundamentalism is product/reaction to globilisation, undermines traditional social norms

Question 3

Castelles

Answer 3

2 respones to postmodernity:
. Resistance identity = defensive reaction (fundamentalism)
. Project Identity = engage with social movement

Question 4

Giddens
(cosmopolitansim)

Answer 4

way of thinking that embraces modernity and todays globilisation

Question 5

Beckford

Answer 5

Distinguishes too sharply between cosmopolitanism and fundamentalism - hybrid identities

Question 6

Bruce

Answer 6

Blames globilisation for fundamentalism but only confined to monothestic religions
. May have different origins, some triggered by changes within own society others response to changes upon society

Question 7

Davie
(Secular fundamentalism)

Answer 7

2 phases of modernity:
. 1st phase gave rise to religious fundamentalism: enlightenment project
. 2nd phase giving rise to secular fundamentalism: Enlightenment project under attack

Question 8

Huntington

Answer 8

Claims religious differences now major source of conflict - globilisation made nation states less important source of identity

Question 9

Jackson
(EVAL of Huntington)

Answer 9

Huntingtons work is orientalism - western ideology that stereotypes Eastern nations as untrustworthy

Question 10

Bruce
(cultural defence)

Answer 10

Religion serves to unite community against external threat

E.G: church served as popular rallying point for opposition to Soviet Union and communism

Question 11

Haynes
+ Iran

Answer 11

Iranian revolution wasn’t typical of the middle east as led by religious leaders

. Islam became focus for resistance to Shah’s regime, led by Clerics. Revolution led to creation of Islamic Republic in 1979

Question 12

Nanda

Answer 12

Vast majority of Indians still believe in the supernatural despite the rise of a scientifically educated urban MC in India

Question 13

Nanda
(ultra - nationalism)

Answer 13

93% of Indians agreed their culture is superior to others
. Worship of Hindu Gods become same as worshipping nation of India - Hinduism become civil religion

Question 14

Redding

Answer 14

Describes spirit of capitalism among Chinese entrepreneurs in tiger economies - sees ‘post - confucian’ values encouraging hard-work, self discipline

Question 15

Berger

Answer 15

Pentecostalism has strong affinity with modern capitalism and an ethic like Protestantism is necessary to promote economic development and raise society out of poverty

Question 16

Lehmann

Answer 16

Pentecostalism is successful as a global religion because it has the ability to incorporate local beliefs