Religion in Childhood

Question 1

How Do Children Come to Be Religious or Spiritual?

Answer 1

Socialization

Question 2

What does socialization theory attempt to explain?

Answer 2

Development of r/s thinking in children

Question 3

What is socialization?

Answer 3

Process by which we inherit norms, ideas, values, attitudes, and acquire skills and habits necessary for participating in our respective societies

Question 4

Young children are passive accepters of parental views. T/F

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Children not raised with religious creationist beliefs still tend to favor creationist views. T/F

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Explain the “preparedness” model

Answer 6

• Children have a ‘natural’ tendency to accept religious ideas
• Enhanced when parents reinforce with religious instruction

Question 7

Who has an inborn sense of interconnectedness with something larger than themselves?

Answer 7

Children

Question 8

What are the 4 different parenting styles?

Answer 8

Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
Uninvolved/Rejecting

Question 9

Describe the authoritarian parenting style

Answer 9

	“strict parenting”
	High expectations for behavior 
	Low  responsiveness to feelings
	Emphasizes obedience to rules
	Does not offer explanations for rules
	Parent has the power!

Question 10

Describe the authoritative parenting style

Answer 10

	High expectations for behavior 
	High responsiveness to child’s feelings
	Explains why rules are necessary
	Open to children’s perspectives 
	Parent and child share the power

Question 11

Describe the permissive parenting style

Answer 11

	Low behavioral expectations
	High responsiveness
	Uses little punishment
	Maintains little control
	Submits to children’s wishes
	Kid has the power!

Question 12

Describe the uninvolved/neglecting parenting style

Answer 12

 “Hands off”
 Little to no expectations
 Dismissive of child’s feelings, opinions
 Disengaged

Question 13

Which parenting style benefits children’s development the most?

Answer 13

Authoritative

Question 14

Which two parenting styles may have negative effects?

Answer 14

▪ Authoritarian (punishing) parenting may lead to low self-reliance, aggression
▪ Adolescents (aged 14– 18) with neglectful parents scored the lowest on tests of: psycho social development, school achievement, internalized distress, and behavioral problems.

Question 15

What is found to be related to cognitive attainments and healthy personality development

Answer 15

Parental emphasis on obedience

Question 16

Which parenting style does not seem to produce these same negative effects in children from certain cultures

Answer 16

Authoritarian

Question 17

Which parenting style is the most reflective on Biblical commands?

Answer 17

Authoritarian

Question 18

Which religion tends to endorse an authoritarian parenting orientation, valuing obedience, above most other goals, in children

Answer 18

Conservative protestants

Question 19

What do some conservative Christian books on child rearing emphasize

Answer 19

• Authoritarian-like goals

- Obedience is a very important goal

Question 20

Religion is linked with?

Answer 20

Spanking-corporal punishment

Question 21

What consequences does the “God will punish you” approach have?

Answer 21

 More inclined to blame themselves for problems
 Feel a greater need to be obedient
 View God as malevolent

Question 22

Who argued argued that the God image was a projection of one’s real father?

Answer 22

Freud & Jung

Question 23

What are archetypes?

Answer 23

images of our universal experiences (ie. mother archetype), passed down from generation to generation, contained within our biology
Jung

Question 24

God concepts seem related to discipline styles of parents more for which gender?

Answer 24

Female

Question 25

Which figure may be more important than parents in God concept development?

Answer 25

Teachers

Question 26

Kirkpatrick theory

Answer 26

Attachment system is fundamentally involved in their thinking, beliefs, and reasoning about God and their relationship to God.

Question 27

Bowlby’s Attachment Theory:

Answer 27

Children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, because this will help them to survive.

Question 28

What is attachment?

Answer 28

Refers to this deep, emotional bond that an infant develops with its caregiver

Question 29

What is the period where the child more readily attaches?

Answer 29

Sensitive period: between 6 months and 2 years old

Question 30

What are the different attachment responses?

Answer 30

Secure
Insecure
Disorganized

Question 31

What is secure attachment?

Answer 31

 Child seems happy when parent is present, distressed when parent leaves, happy when parent returns KEY
 Child uses mother as a “secure base” for venturing out and exploring the world
 Child expects and believes mother will meet her needs