Religion In A Global Context

Question 1

Why does fundamentalism arise?

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Question 2

What challenges might there be to traditional beliefs and values in the modern world?

Answer 2

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Question 3

Briefly explain the following features of fundamentalism:

• An authoritative sacred text
• An ‘us and them’ mentality

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Question 4

Briefly explain the following features of fundamentalism:

• Aggressive reaction
• Use of modern technology

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Question 5

Briefly explain the following features of fundamentalism:

• Patriarchy
• Prophecy

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Question 6

Briefly explain the following feature of fundamentalism:

- Conspiracy theories

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Question 7

According to Davie, why are fundamentalists the product of modernity?

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Question 8

According to Giddens, why does late modern society encourage fundamentalism?

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Question 9

Define cosmopolitanism..

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Question 10

What do cosmopolitan religions and spirituality emphasise?

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Question 11

According to Bauman, why does postmodern society lead some people to fundamentalism?

Answer 11

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Question 12

Briefly explain the two responses to postmodernity that Castells identifies.

Answer 12

• Resistance identity:

- Project identity:

Question 13

Briefly outline four criticisms of Giddens, Bauman and Castells.

Answer 13

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Question 14

Define monotheism.

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Question 15

According to Bruce, why is fundamentalism confined to monotheistic religions?

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Question 16

Briefly explain Bruce’s ‘two fundamentalisms’

Answer 16

• In the West:

- In the Third World:

Question 17

What are Davie’s two phases of modernity?

Answer 17

• The first phase: religious fundamentalism

- The second phase: secular fundamentalism

Question 18

Briefly explain Davie’s first phase of modernity and how it gives rise to different forms of fundamentalism.

Answer 18

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Question 19

Briefly explain Davie’s second phase of modernity and how it gives rise to different forms of fundamentalism.

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Question 20

Why does Davie claim that secular ideologies are struggling for survival?

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Question 21

Using an example, briefly explain secular fundamentalism.

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Question 22

Why might some types of secular fundamentalism be seen as a form of cultural racism?

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Question 23

List Huntington’s seven civilisations.

Answer 23

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Question 24

How has globalisation led to increased conflict between religions?

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Question 25

According to Huntington, why are religious conflicts harder to resolve than political ones?

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Question 26

Briefly outline four criticisms of Huntington’s clash of civilisations theory.

Answer 26

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Question 27

According to Norris and Inglehart, what is the real clash of civilisations?

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Question 28

Briefly explain what is meant by ‘cultural defence.’

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Question 29

Using the examples of Poland, explain how religion may be used to defend national identity.

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Question 30

Using the examples of Iran, explain how religion may be used to defend national identity.

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Question 31

What impact has globalisation had in India?

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Question 32

According to Nanda, why has prosperity in India led to an increase in religiosity?

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Question 33

How has Hinduism changed in response to the increased wealth of many Indians?

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Question 34

In what way can Hinduism be seen as a form of civil religion in India?

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Question 35

What problems might the link between Hinduism and the state cause for non-Hindus?

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Question 36

Accordign to Redding, what are the similarities between post-Confucian values and the Calvinist values that encouraged capitalism in Europe?

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Question 37

Aaccording to Berger, in what way are Pentecostal beliefs similar to Weber’s Protestant Ethic?

Answer 37

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Question 38

Using the example of Northern Brazil, explain why successful development relies on more than just Pentecostal beliefs.

Answer 38

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Question 39

Briefly explain how Pentecostalism embraces both global and local elements.

Answer 39

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