Religion In A Global Context

Question 1

Identify two characteristics of religious fundamentalism.

Answer 1

The strict literal adherence to scripture; tradition; compulsory, unquestioning lifestyle.

Question 2

According to Castells, what is the difference between a resistance identity and a project identity?

Answer 2

Resistance identity is the response of those who retreat defensively into fundamentalism;
project identity is the response of those who become involved with forward‐looking social
movements.

Question 3

Identify two policies to which the New Christian Right are opposed.

Answer 3

Abortion; gay marriage; gender equality; secular education.

Question 4

Give one example of Secular Fundamentalism.

Answer 4

Give one example of secular fundamentalism. Nationalism; cultural racism

Question 5

According to Huntington, why is a ‘Clash Of Civilisations’ increasingly likely?

Answer 5

Because of increased contact through globalisation, and the increasing importance of
religious identity, following the decline of political differences.

Question 6

Suggest two criticisms of the view that there is a ‘Clash of Civilisations’.

Answer 6

Hostility is based on political issues rather than religion; it does not take account of divisions
within ‘civilisations’; the theory itself promoted hostility and stereotyping.

Question 7

Over what type of values are Western and Muslim societies most likely to disagree?

Answer 7

Values concerning self‐expression, such as diversity and gender equality.

Question 8

According to the Lehmann, what were the main two stages in the globalisation of religion?

Answer 8

Religion spread by colonial conquest; evangelical and fundamentalist religion driven by mass
following.

Question 9

What is meant by the term ‘Hindu ultra-nationalism’?

Answer 9

Hindu belief that India is superior to other nations because of its Hindu values.