religion, ideas and reform Flashcards
Who was the most significant humanist voice in English education?
John Colet, he refounded St Paul’s School in London.
How did John Colet change English education?
- Appointed the school’s governors members people drawn from a city guild rather than choosing clergymen.
- The school’s curriculum included some works of Erasmus, the main face of the humanist movement.
- He appointed a humanist head teacher, William Lily.
How had signs of the Renaissance begun to show more during Henry VIII’s reign?
- Knowledge of classical learning increased amongst the elite groups in society
- A growing number of schools became influenced by humanist education
- Henry VIII saw himself as a promoter of new ideas and of humanism (renaissance king)
Why did the Crown need well educated diplomats?
In order to communicate with counterparts in other countries in an elegant style.
How did the Renaissance have increasing influence on visual culture?
Henry VIII commissioned an Italian sculptor to produce the tombs of his parents and of his grandmother, both of which were produced in the Renaissance style.
They were placed in the Lady Chapel of Westminster which Henry VII had commissioned, which had a clear style of Gothic architecture.
Who assisted Henry with the reformation of the English Church?
Thomas Cromwell and Archbishop Cranmer.
What offences had the Church been associated with?
- Pluralism (receiving the profits of more than one post)
- Simony (the purchase of Church office)
- Non-residence (receiving the profits of a post but not being present to perform the duties associated)
Who is the best example of a corrupt clergyman?
Cardinal Wolsey.
What was often cited as a weakness of the Church?
Anticlericalism.
How many houses had Wolsey secured the dissolution of in the 1520s and what was this money used for?
Around 20.
The money was used to fund the establishment of Cardinal College, Oxford.
How had a humanist reform persisted towards the end of Henry’s reign?
The king turned to humanists to tutor his son, Edward, and daughter, Elizabeth.
There was a humanist circle around his last wife, Katherine Parr, who herself had a humanist education.
Where can the process of dissolution be traced back to?
The compilation of the Valor Ecclesiasticus, a survey set up by Cromwell in 1535 to discover the exact wealth of the Church.
How was the dissolution of the monasteries justified?
- 4 visitors were sent round the country to inspect all monastic institutions
- They found much to criticise and had been instructed to find evidence of weakness and corruption
What was the Act of Parliament passed by Cromwell in 1536?
Justified him dissolving the smaller monasteries, counting those bringing in an income of £200 per annum or less.
Why did the scope of dissolution widen?
Due to the Pilgrimage of Grace, the heads of religious houses had surrendered to the Crown after the rebellion had been settled.
