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Religion 121 (Is The Bible Immoral?) > Religion Exam #2 > Flashcards

Religion Exam #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The theory of why bad things happen

A

Theodicy

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2
Q

What do Job’s friends tell him?

A

They tell him that he must have done something wrong if he is suffering. “What goes around comes around”

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3
Q

What does God tell Job?

A

He asks a lot of rhetorical questions and basically says “I’m more powerful that you. You didn’t do anything wrong.” (Job, shut up. When you can make a hippopotamus, then we’ll talk!)

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4
Q

ha Satan

A

The Satan but in this context, does not mean “the devil.” The Satan refers to the adversary, or the one who makes the case against people aka the Devils Advocate.

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5
Q

2 Books that are known as the “Non-Traditional Wisdom” or “Anti-Wisdom” literature

A

Job and Ecclesiastes

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6
Q

What does Qoheleth mean?

A

Preacher or Teacher (supposedly who this is written by)

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7
Q

What does Ecclesiastes question?

A

It questions the idea that life is ordered, that it is meaningful, that the just are always rewarded in this life and that the unjust are always punished in this life. It questions the wisdom of Proverbs. “The righteous don’t always prosper, sometimes the foolish do.”

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8
Q

hokma (hebrew) and sophia (greek) mean what?

A

Wisdom

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9
Q

Which book consists of a series of lengthy poems between a woman and her lover?

A

Song of Solomon

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10
Q

“wisdom” literature or “traditional wisdom”

A

Proverbs

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11
Q

A series of two lined sayings, using parallelism that give the reader a recommended behavior or virtue. Wisdom in this book could be one of God’s own attributes, brought to life, or a prophet. Purpose is to teach.

A

Proverbs

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12
Q

Articulated in a way that’s easy to remember, like rhymes.

A

Maxims (gnomic poetry)

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13
Q

Explain retribution theology (the theology of proverbial wisdom)

A
  1. The wise are those who pursue righteousness, the foolish are those who are unrighteous.
  2. The wise will be rewarded IN THIS WORLD and the unrighteous are not rewarded.
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14
Q

Who is “Lady Wisdom”?

A

Says that she was with God in the creation (therefore, it was a wise creation and the world was created with wisdom and order)

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15
Q

Why are Proverbs and Ecclesiastes (and Job) seen are a “foreign body in the larger biblical world”?

A

Less overtly theological and more secular (worldly)

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16
Q

Summarize the book of Ruth

A

Ruth tags along with her mother in law, Naomi. Naomi tells her to go lie at Boaz’s feet in an attempt to make him her husband. Boaz says there is another man who is closer in kin to her that he must ask first. The other man lets Boaz take Ruth as his wife and they have a son, Obed, who goes on to be the grandfather of King David.

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17
Q

Who is considered the prophet of doom?

A

Amos (Prophet to Israel, the northern kingdom: Interprets the imminent catastrophe as punishment for Israel’s failings and social injustice.)

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18
Q

Prophetic Message contains…?

A
  1. Prediction of the future
  2. An issue of judgement/social critique
  3. Seaking the word of God to the people
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19
Q

Nabi means?

A

prophet

20
Q

Nebiim means?

A

Prophets or one called by God

21
Q

Why is Samuel considered a prophet?

A

He issued judgement on Saul

22
Q

Who is Nathan?

A

Nathan is David’s prophet who conveys Yahweh’s judgement and sentencing

23
Q

Pre-Classical Prophecy

A

Stories about the prophets, such as Samuel, Nathan, or Elijah.

24
Q

Classical Prophecy

A

Stories that are not ABOUT the prophets, but they are the speeches/oracles of the prophets, such as Amos, Ezekial, and Isaiah.

25
Q

Leaders of Judah are exiled after the defeat of Judah to Babylonia

A

Babylonian Exile

26
Q

Where was Amos from?

A

Tekoa (Judean hills south of Bethlehem)

27
Q

What are some of Israel’s sins?

A

The sell righteous for silver, sell needy for a pair of sandals, push the afflicted out of the way, trample the head of the poor into the dust, incest, and they made the Nazarites drink wine, etc.

28
Q

Who are the “cows of Bashan”?

A

They are the wealthy women of Samaria

29
Q

Visions of Amos

A
  1. He saw the Lord sending locusts to eat crops, but God reversed his decision.
  2. The Lord set fire to everything (water and land-a cosmic fire) but God also reversed this decision.
  3. The Lord set a plumb line in the midst of the people and closed all worship places/sanctuaries off. (sentence does not get lifted)
  4. Lord shows Amos a basket of summer fruit, which can be interpreted as the end of all people.
  5. The Lord gives orders for the total destruction of all people, with no escape for anyone except the House of Jacob.
30
Q

Where is Isaiah the prophet to?

A

Prophet to Judah, southern kingdom

31
Q

Differences between Amos and Isaiah

A

Amos talks about doomsday, while Isaiah is more poetic and hopeful. Isaiah is the better speaker and is more sensitive to religion. Amos tells us there are no second chances and is more political and accusatory. He did not care about religious beliefs. Both, however, are interested in socioeconomic justice.

32
Q

What is the significance of Isaiah 45?

A

It is the 1st time in the bible that there is unambiguous monotheism (One God) Before then, there had been henotheism, where there are other gods, but God is the only important one.

33
Q

Servant Songs

A
  1. God introduces His chosen servant, one who will be a prophet, priest and teacher
  2. The servant is seen as a prophet, addressing God’s call to the restoration of Israel and the redemption of mankind.
  3. In the third poem, we encounter the suffering of the Servant for the first time in these poems. He experiences unbroken fellowship with God. The desire of His heart is to do the will of God. In spite of suffering, He will remain unfaltering in His faith in God. He is set as a flint to do God’s will, although He will be rejected by His people.
  4. The suffering servant
34
Q

Significance of the Suffering servant?

A

Appears to be Jesus, as viewed by Christians. (The crucification, etc.)

35
Q

apokalypsis

A

Revelation or disclosure of what is hidden

36
Q

apocalyptic literature (long definition)

A

(1) It is literature which reveals the meaning of events, the course of history directed by God, and it does so through visions and dreams which employ outlandish imagery: Highly symbolic descriptions of beasts, statues, scrolls and seals, lambs with many eyes, numbers–all of which have to be decoded to get at the meaning of historical events. We’ve seen visions in earlier literature (e.g., Amos), but in apocalyptic literature these visions take over; they become the central features of the story.
(2) The historical context of apocalyptic literature is typically one of persecution. That is, the communities that generate the literature are suffering from some kind of oppression or degradation, and the apocalyptic message is one of hope. According to some scholars, the fact of persecution explains why apocalyptic literature is dominated by imagery that is obscure and that has to be decoded. Use obscure language so that the message cannot be discovered by the persecutor.
(3) In apocalyptic literature the suffering of the just community persecuted for righteousness’s sake is seen as part of a larger cosmic struggle between the ultimate forces of good and evil. Apocalyptic is deeply “dualistic.”
(4) For apocalyptic writers the present time of persecution is a provisional period where the evil power has gained the uper hand, but this is temporary.
(5) Soon there will be a final cataclysm–a cosmic event in which the good God will triumph. A “Day of the Lord.”
(6) The result of this triumph will be the establishment of something radically new. The world as we know it will end, and the Kingdom of God will be established in which God reigns with perfect justice, where those who have been persecuted for righteousness’s sake will be rewarded and where those who have persecuted the righteous will be punished.
(7) This final judgment will include judgment of those already dead. The dead will be resurrected for this judgment. In the Book of Daniel you have the only Old Testament work that speaks clearly about a final resurrection of the dead. And the last judgment is presented with some dramatic flourish in the Book of Revelation.
(8) Thus many scholars speak of “Apocalyptic” theology as a “theology of hope.” Hope that good will be rewarded and evil punished with the establishment of God’s Kingdom.
(9) And the apocalyptic community is one which waits in expectation of this final end. The “eschatology” of apocalyptic is “imminent” eschatology. The world is going to end soon.

37
Q

The first 6 chapters of Daniel are considered what?

A

Wisdom stories

38
Q

Daniel 7-12 is considered what?

A

Apocalyptic writings (significant because it is the 1st mention of resurrection of the dead)

39
Q

Zoroastrianism is what?

A

The Persian religion

40
Q

What does the breaking of the 7 seals result in?

A
  1. Victory
  2. War
  3. Famine
  4. Pestilence
  5. The souls of martyrs cry out for justice
  6. Massive cosmic upheaval that devastates the world
  7. 7 trumpets
41
Q

What book is the suffering servant in?

A

2nd isaiah

42
Q

What did Antiochus do?

A

He put an idol in the temple that looked like Zeus but with his face, and forced the Israelites to eat kosher foods.

43
Q

Who was the angel in the book of Daniel?

A

Gabriel

44
Q

Angel “messenger” (leader of the apocalyptic armies)

A

Michael

45
Q

Violence interpretation

A

God is willing to engage in torture in order to make the people repent. Says the best is going to be destroyed and you will rise from the dead if you are innocent. Says this is justice (people who have done bad things and got away with them, will finally be persecuted)

46
Q

Anti-Violence interpretation

A

Says that the lamb is victorious by taking the violence on itself (sacrifice). Says that violence is a metaphor for the victory achieved through this sacrifice.

47
Q

Neufeld’s interpretation

A

He says that John says these things to try to shake up the people. He says that justice will win out but you can’t just blame the empire for the violence as you are in some way to blame as well.

Religion 121 (Is The Bible Immoral?) (10 decks)

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