Religion and Globalisation Flashcards
What are the 3 explanations for how religion has responded to a globalised world?
- rise in religious fundamentalism
- religion has lead to the clash of civilisations
- religion is a form of cultural defence
According to Giddens (1999), what is religious fundamentalism?
Fundamentalists are traditionalists who want to revert back to the basic teachings of their faith. They apply extremely old ideas to the modern world and look back on the past as the “golden age”
According to Giddens (1999), what are the 5 key characteristics of religious fundamentalism?
- literal interpretation of texts
- “us and them” mentality
- embrace modern technology
- patriarchal in nature
- conspiracy theorists
According to Giddens (1999), explain the literal interpretations and the “us and them” mentality characteristics of religious fundamentalism?
Unquestionable loyalty towards the truth of scriptures and provides answers to all areas of life including family and politics. For example sharia law
Huge gap between them and the global community and look down upon people who are not in their group
According to Giddens (1999), explain the embrace new technology and patriarchal in nature characteristics of religious fundamentalism?
Use technology to recruit new members, ISIS has a twitter account
Believe women should take on subordinate roles and take steps to deny women opportunity
According to Giddens (1999), explain the conspiracy theory characteristic of religious fundamentalism?
Question everything about mainstream society.
What are the 3 reasons as to why religious fundamentalism is increasing in a globalised world?
- product of modernity
- response to the cosmopolitanism of modernity
- common in monotheistic faiths
According to Davie (2013), how is fundamentalism a product of modernity?
Claims that fundamentalism arises when those with traditional beliefs feel threatened by modern ideas and feel pressured to protect them.
According to Giddens, how is fundamentalism a product of modernity?
Fundamentalists see modern values as being a direct challenge to their religious beliefs. For example, family diversity and LGBT rights, fundamentalists will therefore lash out and protest against these liberal ideas
Evaluation of the view that fundamentalism is a product of modernity?
Fundamentalists don’t always attack modern socieites
According to Giddens, how is fundamentalism a response to the cosmopolitanism of postmodernity?
Cosmopolitanism is a way of thinking which embraces modernity. Cosmopolitan people are forward thinking and tolerant of opinions that differ from theirs. They can adapt their opinions with fact and respect others peoples individual beliefs. These people are known to be reflexive; they constantly evaluate the world around them
According to Bauman (1992), how is fundamentalism a response to the cosmopolitanism of postmodernity?
Two responses to living in a postmodern world
- project identity (where people embrace the world)
- resistant identity (people feel threatened)
Evaluation of the view that fundamentalism is a response to the cosmopolitanism of postmodernity?
Some mainstream religions reject cosmopolitan way of thinking
According to Bruce (2008), how is fundamentalism more common in monotheistic faiths?
Monotheistic religions are faiths that revolve around 1 god. Example of Christianity and Islam. They are renowned for engaging in fundamentalist behaviour because such religions are less tolerant. Compared to Hinduism and Sikhism, X and Islam are dominated by an authority male-figure which explains why fundamentalism is patriarchal in nature
Evaluation of the view that fundamentalism is more common in monotheistic faiths?
Divisions exist with Christianity and Islam, meaning not all factions believe in a male supierior