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Grade 11 > Religion and Ethics > Flashcards

Religion and Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

The three categories of the eight-fold path:

A

Wisdom, morality, meditation

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2
Q

What are the wisdom elements of the path?

A
  1. Right view/understanding

2. Right resolve/ intention

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3
Q

What are the morality elements of the path?

A
  1. Right speech
  2. Right action
  3. Right livelihood
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4
Q

What are the meditation elements of the path?

A
  1. Right effort
  2. Right mindfulness
  3. Right meditation/contemplation
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5
Q

What are the three jewels of the Buddhist religion?

A

I take refuge in the Buddha, i take refuge in the Dharma, I take refuge in the Sangha.

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6
Q

Write the 5 pillars of Islam:

A 
Shahadah (creed)
Salat (prayer)
Sakat (charity)
Sawm (fasting during ramadan)
Hajj (Pilgrimage to mecca)
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7
Q

What is the symbol, place of worship and sacred text of the four religions:

A

Christianity: Cross, church or cathedral and bible.
Judaism: Star of David, Torah and synagogue
Islam: Crescent and Star, mosque and Qur’an
Buddhism: Eight-spoked wheel, temple and Pali Canon

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8
Q

What are the four noble truths?

A
  1. Dukka - all life is suffering
  2. Suffering is caused by craving
  3. Suffering can have an end
  4. Path (Marga) - there is a path that leads to the end of suffering.
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9
Q

Why is Marga, the fourth noble truth, referred to as the “eightfold path”?

A

Because it means attaining the goal of Nirvana, Nirvana is an unconditioned state, the path does not cause nirvana.

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10
Q

What are the five precepts of buddhism?

A
  1. Refrain from taking life
  2. Refrain from stealing
  3. Refrain from sexual intercourse (misconduct)
  4. Refrain from lying
  5. Refrain from intoxicating drinks
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11
Q

Why did socially engaged buddism emerge?

A

Buddhism was seen as too individual and passive in its approach to social problems.

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12
Q

What are the ideals that socially engaged buddhism is based upon?

A

awareness in daily life, social service and social activism.

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13
Q

What do these ideals mean?

A

Means engaging with social, economic, political and ecological issues as an individual and within the community.

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14
Q

What does the buddhist peace fellowship aim to do?

A
  • make clear to the public that buddhist practice should be seen as a way of peace and protection for all beings.
  • Raise peace, environmental, feminist and social justice concerns
  • Bring a buddhist perspective of non-duality to contemporary issues.
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15
Q

How old is Judaism?

A

Approxiamtely 4000 years, the oldest religion in the world.

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16
Q

What sets Judaism apart from other religions?

A

Belief in one G-d (monotheism)

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17
Q

What is Judaism for Jews?

A

More than having a set of beliefs (orthodoxy); it is a way of living (orthopraxy)

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18
Q

What is Shabbat (Sabbath)?

A

Shabbat means to cease or rest and is a day of celebration.

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19
Q

How long does it go for?

A

25 hours, sunset Friday to sunset Saturday.

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20
Q

What are the two reasons Jews must celebrate shabbat?

A

reminds Jew G-d rested on the seventh day and after working for six days, make the seventh day to the lord

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21
Q

When are shabbat laws suspended?

A

As the are meant as a delight, they are suspended if there is a danger to human life.

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22
Q

Where is shabbat celebrated?

A

In the home and in the synagogue.

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23
Q

What are the most important days in the Jewish calendar?

A

Roah Hashanah (new year) and Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement)

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24
Q

What is Pesach?

A

Passover - the month of Nisan, Spring, celebrates the time when G-d delivered the Jewish people from slavery in Egypt.

25
Q

What happens on the first and last day of Pesach?

A

Both are holy days, no work ,except the preparation of food, can take place.

26
Q

What are chametz?

A

Anything made from braley, wheat, oats, rye and spelt.

27
Q

What happens to Chametz during Pesach?

A

Entire home must be free of Chametz.

28
Q

What is Matzah?

A

Unleavened bread (flour and water, does not rise) eaten during Pesach, reminder of Jews dependence on G-d.

29
Q

What is Seder meal?

A

Meal on first night of Pesach, revolving around the story of Exodus.

30
Q

What happens during seder?

A
  • Mother says blessing and lights candles
  • Youngest child asks questions about the night
  • Father (leader) answers explaining the symbols of seder,
31
Q

What are Karpas on the seder plate?

A

green vegetable, usually parsley, dipped in salt water to remind people of the tears of the slaves.

32
Q

What are Charoset in the seder?

A

chopped walnuts, grated apple, wine and cinnamon - mortar used by Hebrew slaves when they toiled in Egypt

33
Q

What is Maror on the seder?

A

Bitter herbs, usually horseradish, bitterness of slavery

34
Q

What is Beitzah on the seder?

A

A roasted egg - sacrifices offered in the Temple as well as the continuity of life.

35
Q

What is Zeroa on the seder?

A

roasted shankbone - sacrifice of the Paschal Lamb

36
Q

What is lettuce on the seder?

A

Stem is bitter, leaves are not. Symbolises enslavement in Egypt.

37
Q

What is reform Judaism?

A

Adapts it beliefs and practices to the norms of modern society.
Believe in the legitimacy of change, accepts ideas of the divine are influenced by social, scientific, ethical and other human developments.

38
Q

What is orthodox judaism?

A

advocate full observance of Jewish Law (the halakhah) - sees the law as a direct expression of G-d’s will and promotes the unchanging nature of the Torah.

39
Q

What are some of the practices observed in orthodox Judaism?

A
  • synagogues separate sexes, females in upper gallery
  • must be minyan, 10 Jewish males, to begin a service
  • Service in hebrew by male rabbis
  • Men pray using Tallit and Tefflin
  • Men keep heads covered- ‘G-d is above all’
  • Clearly defined socail roles for the sexes
  • Beard and front ear hair uncut my males
  • Women sometimes cover head outside home
  • keep Kosher diet requirements
  • Keeps shabbat
40
Q

What is conservative Judaism?

A

Middle- more traditional than reform, less so than orthodox. Accept change is necessary.

41
Q

What does synagogue mean?

A

Synagogue - Greek ‘to gather together’ Prominent after destruction of temple.

42
Q

What does the modern period of Christianity entail?

A

Ecumenism: movement seeking to achieve unity of Christian. Formation of World Council of Churches (1948).

43
Q

What does the WCC provide?

A

Space where member churches can work together, support and challenge each other, share and debate with each other.

44
Q

What are the main areas of interest for the WCC?

A

faith and witness, justice and service, communication.

45
Q

Who does the WCC exclude?

A

Roman Catholics.

46
Q

What is creed?

A

The central beliefs of christianity e.g. Nicene creed

47
Q

What is the definition of trinity?

A

In Christianity, the concept that there is a three-fold plurality (Father, Son and Spirit) within the one God.

48
Q

What do the three elements of Trinity represent?

A

Father - creator, eternal and unchangin
Son - Jesus, form of God
Spirit - People would get the Holy Spirit from Jesus

49
Q

How do Christians believe God is revealed to Humankind?

A

Through creation, scripture, people and in particular the person of Jesus.

50
Q

What are the seven sacraments?

A

Baptism, communion/eucharist, conformation, reconciliation, marriage, holy orders, annointing of the sick.

51
Q

What are the Five precepts of Islam?

A
  1. Shahadah (Creed) - “There is no God but Allah and Muhummad is his messenger”
  2. Salat (Prayer) - Five times/day, in direction of Mecca
  3. Sakat (Charity) - 2.5% of one’s wealth
  4. Sawm (fasting during Ramadan) - ninth month of Muslim calendar
  5. Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca (once in a lifetime)
52
Q

What is Sharia?

A

“path leading to water” - symbolic to desert people.

covers all areas of human life.

53
Q

What are the five categories of Sharia Law?

A
  1. Obligatory (Majih or fard) - must be done (rewarded from doing them; individual and community obligation)
  2. Recommended (sunna) (highly desirable)
  3. Permissible (mubah) - neutral
  4. Reprehensible (Makkruh- hated) - undesirable but not forbidden
  5. Forbidden (Haram)
54
Q

What are the three areas of punishment if the five categories of Sharia law are not obeyed?

A
  1. Imposed by God in the afterlife
  2. Penalties in Qur’an or Sunnah
  3. Discretionary penalties
55
Q

What are the three areas of edible food in Islam?

A

Halal - fitting
Mushbooh - uncertain
Haram - forbidden

56
Q

How can an animal be classed as Halal?

A

If it is slaughtered in the proper way, known as Zabihah

57
Q

What is Arabesque?

A

Distinctive form of Islamic art, consists of floral and geometrical designs. Found on walls, floors and carpets. Meant to display undergirding unity of the divine.

58
Q

What is Calligraphy?

A

Art of beautiful hand writing, common form of art in Islam.

59
Q

Image-making in Islam?

A

Very strong prohibition of making images of human and animals, but three exceptions.

  1. Muhunnad’s Night Journey
  2. Persian Miniatures
  3. Folk art

Grade 11 (6 decks)

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