Religion and Empire

Question 1

The separation of powers as viewed by Polybius. Designed to keep the republic strong and uncorrupted; an union that would be firm for all emergencies.

Answer 1

Polybius’ view of checks and balances

Question 2

Democratic power divided among a group whose members were elected by the assembly.

Answer 2

Two consul system

Question 3

Aristocratic power, led by ten tribunes with the power of “veto”

Answer 3

Powers of the senate

Question 4

First office of the Roman state open to plebeians: could intervene with matters regarding them and express their demands.

Answer 4

Tribune of the plebes

Question 5

System dominated by a social barrier and led by Patricians; lower class vs. upper class.

Answer 5

Patricians vs plebeians

Question 6

Laws that barred or prevented plebeians from participating in key religious rituals.

Answer 6

Sumptuary laws for rituals

Question 7

The allocation of land confiscated by Rome from conquered communities; some states had an economic advantage over products naturally grown there.

Answer 7

Social impact of latifundias

Question 8

• Mismanagement of the provinces
• Unreliable armies
• Incompetent Senate
• Corruption

Answer 8

Challenges of provincial management

Question 9

Emerging appeal of military strongmen.
- Pompey: restored Rome’s control over Spain
- Julius Caesar: 49 BCE dictator, general and politician
- Crassus: Roman general and politician

Answer 9

First Triumvirate

Question 10

“Crossing a point of no return” by Julius Caesar; to make an irrevocable decision.

Answer 10

Crossing the rubicon

Question 11

First emperor of Ancien Rome; a succesful ruler who expanded the economic marketplace and travel scopes of Rome.

Answer 11

Octavian

Question 12

“First Citizen of the Senate”; title assumed by Julius Caesar.

Answer 12

Princeps civitatis

Question 13

A high-range religious official.

Answer 13

Pontifex maximus

Question 14

The Development of a Civil Bureaucracy.

Answer 14

Imperial household

Question 15

A 200 year long period of Roman history identified by imperialism, relative order and stability and regional expansion.

Answer 15

Pax romana

Question 16

An area of roads patrolled by the Roman fleet; almost 50,000 miles of paved roads that traversed central Europe and the Mediterranean.

Answer 16

Mare nostrum

Question 17

A Christian apostle who spread the word of Jesus in the 1st century world. Displayed his faith aware of the state’s tolerance towards fringe beliefs; “let me speak to the people!”

Answer 17

Paul of Tarsus

Question 18

Paul’s self defense as he tried to showcase his beliefs; the Nazaren sect strictly within Judaism.

Answer 18

Reference to God of our ancestors

Question 19

Called the birthplace of Christianity, a thriving (ecnomically) part of the Roman empire.

Answer 19

State of Cilicia

Question 20

Latin citizenship, a set of rights given to the Latins by the Roman law (citizenship given without charge); citizens free with respect of law and property.

Answer 20

Latin rights

Question 21

The last Jewish king of Judea. repressed the Jewish Christians and pursued orthodox jewish policies.

Answer 21

King Agrippa