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Henry VIII, 1509-1547 > Religion > Flashcards

Religion Flashcards

1
Q

What were Henry VIII’s Problems ?

A
  • Wants money, to be a warrior king
  • Wants a son, an heir to the throne
  • Wants power, to control the church
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2
Q

What was the Reformation ?

A
  • Movement that began in Europe at the start of the 16th century
  • Took many years to complete
  • Aimed to reform abuses of the Roman Catholic Church
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3
Q

What was the Reformation Parliament ?

A
  • 7 sessions of parliament that met on and off

- Legislation which attacked clergy and established royal supremacy

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4
Q

What was the Break From Rome ?

A
  • Technical and legal change in status of the English Church
  • Removed power of the pope in England
  • It did not lead to the end of Catholicism in the country
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5
Q

Who was Martin Luther ?

A
  • German priest
  • Leader of the Reformation
  • Worried about the teachings of the corrupt catholic church
  • Protested about corruptions and was banished
  • led to the introduction of Protestantism
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6
Q

Who was Thomas Moore ?

A
  • Lord chancellor
  • Wouldn’t accept Henry as the head of the English church
  • Was torcherd and still refused
  • Put on trial and found guilty of treason
  • Died for the love of his religion
  • Was respected by a lot of people
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7
Q

Who was Bishop Fisher ?

A
  • Was willing to die for christ
  • Made a cardinal a few days before he died
  • Refused to accept Henry as the head of the English church
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8
Q

Who was Archbishop Cranmer ?

A
  • Becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
  • Declares Henry’s marriage to Catherine to be void
  • Helped translate the bible to English
  • Carried out Henry’s marriage ceremony to Anne
  • Secretly was married
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9
Q

What were the 7 Sacraments in Catholicism ?

A
  • Baptism
  • Confirmation
  • Marriage
  • Ordination
  • Penance
  • Anointing the Sick
  • The Eucharist
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10
Q

What were beliefs of the Catholic Church ?

A
  • The pope and his bishops can forgive sins, people can show they are sorry if they can gift the church
  • Churches should be highly decorated to show God’s glory and power
  • People need priests to help them find God
  • Priests should wear special clothes to reflect their special link between God and Man
  • Pope is the head of the church and was appointed by God
  • Bible and church services should be in Latin
  • If you don’t worship the right way you’ll go to hell
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11
Q

What were beliefs of the Protestant Church?

A
  • Churches should be plain and simple, to bring them closer to God
  • Ministers should wear simple robes
  • Jesus is the head of the church
  • People don’t need priests to help them find God
  • Bible and services should be in English so people can understand
  • If you don’t worship the right way you’ll go to hell
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12
Q

How was the Church Corrupted ?

A
  • Pluralism= receiving profits of more than one post
  • Simony= the purchase of church office
  • Non-Residence= receiving profits of a post but not being present to perform the duties
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13
Q

What was Anticlericalism in the Church ?

A
  • Opposition to the political and social importance of the clergy
  • Lawyers challenged church law
  • Objections to the legal privileges of the clergy
  • Clerical Misconduct-Death of Richard Hunne
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14
Q

How was the Decline of Monasticism a weakness of the Church ?

A
  • Operation of the religious houses was open to criticism
  • Argued that monasticism lost its sense of direction
  • Larger monasteries had become larger businesses with huge resources (land and buildings)
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15
Q

What was on Henry’s conscious that led to the break from Rome ?

A
  • Growing obsession with the fact his marriage to Catherine was against god
  • Based off Leviticus
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16
Q

What role did Anne Boleyn play in the break from Rome ?

A
  • Tantalising presence at court gave Henry a greater desire to end his marriage
  • Became smitten by Anne
  • Fell in love with Anne and out of love with Catherine
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17
Q

What factors forced Henry to break from Rome ?

A
  • Desire for a male heir
  • Catherine’s miscarriages and stillbirths
  • Henry’s conscious
  • Love for Anne Boleyn
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18
Q

What factors were benefits that caused Henry to break from Rome ?

A
  • Need to increase Revenue
  • Desire for power
  • Anne being pregnant
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19
Q

Where did Henry seek advice from regarding his divorce ?

A
  • Seeked advice from universities
  • These universités had Protestant sympathies
  • Told him Henry could take things into his own hands
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20
Q

What was the Act of 10 Articles ?

A
  • 7 sacraments of catholism rejected
  • One of the sacraments was ambiguous
  • Showed the Catholic and Lutheran influences on the development of the doctrine
21
Q

What was the Bishops Book ?

A
  • Restored the lost sacraments from the 10 articles
  • But were given a lower status
  • Shows Henry’s inability to make up his mind
22
Q

What was the Act of 6 Articles ?

A
  • Confirmed transubstantiation

- Reasserted Catholic doctrine

23
Q

What was the Kings Book ?

A
  • Revised the Bishops Book
  • Written by Henry himself
  • He defended transubstantiation
24
Q

What were the Royal Injunctions ?

A
  • Restriction of the number of Holy Days
  • All churches to have an English Bible
  • Had to abandon pilgrimages
  • Had to give money for educational purposes
25
Q

What stayed the same in the churches ?

A
  • Little change to alter the interior of the churches
  • Hierarchy of church was the same
  • Services were still held in latin
26
Q

What was the Act for the Advancement of True Religion ?

A
  • Only allowed upper classes to read the bible

- Henry feared the wrong kind of people were reading the bible

27
Q

What were spiritual reasons that caused the dissolution of the monasteries ?

A
  • Monks were loyal to the pope in Rome
  • The monasteries were catholic , wanted to remove any chance of returning back to Catholicism
  • Some monasteries seen as having poor standards of behaviour
28
Q

What were non spiritual reasons that caused the dissolution of the monasteries ?

A
  • Nobles loyalty could be bought with land acquired from monasteries
  • To finance Henry’s army
  • Monasteries were outdated as the poor law provided support within villages
29
Q

What was the Valour Ecclesiasticus of 1533 ?

A
  • Survey set up by Cromwell
  • To discover the wealth of the church
  • Sent out hand picked inspectors to report on the state of the monasteries
  • Used to justify the dissolution of monasteries
30
Q

What was the First Act of Dissolution of the Monasteries ?

A

-Dissolved all monasteries worth under £200

31
Q

What was the Second Act of Dissolution of the Monasteries ?

A

-Dissolved the remaining larger monasteries

32
Q

How many monasteries were dissolved

A

563 monasteries were dissolved

33
Q

What consequence did the DOM have on Monastic Buildings ?

A
  • Henry charged with Cultural Vandalism as a result of destroying Gothic Church Buildings, loss of books and images
  • Henry did invest some wealth into education
  • New cathedral Grammar schools set up at Canterbury
  • Christ Church, Oxford and Trinity College, Cambridge were established
  • Half of monastic lands in Henrys possession
34
Q

What consequence did the DOM have on Monks and Friars ?

A
  • Found alternative paid employment within the church
  • 6500/8000 moved on and were supplied pensions
  • Significant minority left in hardships
35
Q

What consequence did the DOM have on Nuns ?

A
  • Were less well off

- 2000 nuns were not allowed to marry or become priests

36
Q

What consequence did the DOM have on The Poor ?

A
  • Monasteries had been a source of help for the poor
  • Aggravated an already worsening problem
  • Major cause of urban poverty
37
Q

How did the DOM have an impact on profit ?

A
  • Henry acquired wealth through the sale of monastic lands
  • Profits used to finance wars
  • By 1547, Henry made £800,000
38
Q

How much money did Henry make a year from DOM ?

A

£140,000

39
Q

What was the Short term Impact of the DOM ?

A
  • Resentment, led to a major rebellion
  • Land transferred to the crown, which was sold to gentry
  • Education suffered= loss of monastic schools
  • Monks and nuns unemployed
  • Role of monasteries in communities was lost
40
Q

What led to Anne Boleyn’s downfall ?

A
  • Failed to give Henry a son
  • Committed adultery with everyone in court but the milkman
  • Incest with her brother
  • Belief she was a witch
  • Her family abandoned her to cling onto power
41
Q

What were changes in religion throughout Henry’s reign ?

A
  • Jurisdiction of pope was replaced by the king
  • Monasteries were dissolved
  • Parish bibles required to be in English
  • Religious doctrine was influenced by protestantism
42
Q

What were continuities in religion ?

A
  • Hierarchy of church remained intact
  • Little attempt to alter interior of the churches
  • Services still held in latin
  • Country and Henry still catholic despite break from Rome
43
Q

How many religious houses did Wolsey dissolve ?

A

-Between 1524-29 he dissolved 30 religious houses to build colleges for Oxford

44
Q

What was the Kings Great Matter ?

A
  • Concerned the annulment of Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon
  • Problem with Wolsey getting the divorce
45
Q

How did Wolsey try to get the divorce through Scriptural Arguments ?

A
  • Tried to justify the divorce in the eyes of the catholic church
  • Argued the marriage relied on Catherines word that her marriage to Arthur hadn’t been consummated
  • If this wasn’t the case, Henry was misled and their marriage isn’t valid
  • Based off Leviticas
  • Henry became convinced that the lack of a male heir was god’s punishment
46
Q

How did Wolsey try to get the divorce through Diplomatic manoeuvres ?

A
  • Charles V in control of Italy
  • Wolsey tried to free the pope from Charles V by using an alliance with France and the renewal of warfare in Italy to distract the emperor
  • Policy FAILED-Charles was too strongly entrenched in Italy to be evicted by France
47
Q

How does Wolsey try to get the divorce through Legal Efforts ?

A
  • Held divorce hearings in England, where he would make the judgement as papal legate
  • Cardinal Campeggio sent as the pope’s representative but delays the hearing
  • Wolsey and Henry became impatient
  • Court finally met
  • Catherine refused and appealed to move the hearing to Rome
  • Pope agrees to move hearing
48
Q

What were the 4 main factors that led to Wolsey’s downfall ?

A
  • Failure to secure Henry’s divorce to Catherine of Aragon
  • Failure to achieve Henry’s foreign policy aims
  • Boleyn family was hinting that Wolsey was delaying the divorce
  • Reputation and personal ambitions got in the way

Henry VIII, 1509-1547 (6 decks)

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