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Elizabeth > Religion > Flashcards

Religion Flashcards

1
Q

Which Catholic practises did she ban?

A
  • Mass
  • transubstantiation
  • prayer book containing pictures of saints
  • any superstitious images
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2
Q

Which Catholic practises did she enjoy?

A
  • church decoration

* church music

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3
Q

Aims

A
  • heal divisions before civil war
  • Protestantism strong in south east
  • Catholicism strong in north and West Country
  • maximise personal power and wealth
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4
Q

Act of Supremacy

A
  • May 1559
  • re-established break from Rome
  • Elizabeth was Supreme Governor instead of Supreme Head
  • all members of the clergy had to swear an oath of loyalty to her
  • churches would keep their existing, pre-reformation episcopal structure -> Archbishops of Canterbury and York, with various bishops
  • Court of High Commission monitored people and prosecuted the disloyal
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5
Q

Act of Uniformity

A

• May 1559

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6
Q

Royal Injunctions

A
  • July 1559

* outlines 57 rules to be followed

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7
Q

Thirty-Nine Articles

A

• 1563

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8
Q

Clarifications

A
  • new Book of Common prayer issued -> moderately worded, radical Protestant ideas
  • Mass abandoned
  • Bible written in English, services held in English
  • clergy allowed to marry
  • old Catholic practises of pilgrimaged and saints’ images banned
  • altar replaced with communion table
  • ornaments of corsets and candles could be placed on table
  • priests wore vestments
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9
Q

Matthew Parker

A
  • 1559-75
  • Cambridge-educated
  • very reluctant
  • moderate Protestant
  • favourite chaplain of Anne Boleyn
  • in hiding during Mary Tudor’s reign
  • avoided politics
  • used power to prevent rise of Puritanism
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10
Q

Edmund Grindal

A
  • 1576-83
  • Cambridge-educated
  • Mary’s reign exiled in Europe
  • quarrelled with Liz about prophesying
  • suspended and held under house arrest until his death
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11
Q

John Whitgift

A
  • 1583- 1604
  • Cambridge-educated
  • passionate about religious uniformity
  • harsh regime
  • hated puritans
  • politically active - sat on Privy Council
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12
Q

Catholic punishments

A
  • those who refused to accept the middle way and who held a public office (MPs, JPS, judges etc.) had their positions taken away
  • attendance of Anglican Church made compulsory -> Pope ordered against this
  • Recusants fined a shilling a week
  • attendance of mass fined
  • conducting mass = death penalty
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13
Q

The Treason Act

A
  • 1571
  • denying Liz’s supremacy and bringing the Pope’s bull of excommunication into England could be punished by death
  • anyone who left for more than 6 months had their land confiscated (prevent missionaries)
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14
Q

St. Bartholomew’s Day

A
  • 1572
  • France
  • thousands of French Protestants killed in mob violence brought about by catholic government
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15
Q

Jesuits

A

A religious group dedicated to serving the Pope

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16
Q

Jesuit priests

A
  • rigorously trained
  • sent to England as educators to gain influence over rich and powerful families
  • helped snuggle other priests into England
17
Q

Edmund Campion

A
  • Jesuit priest
  • arrived in 1580
  • went to Lancashire then London
  • held church ceremonies in the homes of important Catholic families
  • wore disguises and used ‘safe houses’
  • caught within a year of his arrival -> located by Walsingham’s spy network and taken to the Tower of London
  • offered freedom if he converted
  • denied plotting against Elizabeth when on the rack
  • 1581 -> executed for treason
18
Q

Priest holes

A
  • Anne Vaux and Eleanor Brooksby rented houses for the priests to use
  • cleverly concealed rooms and Oscar’s where priests could hide and where Mass could be celebrated
  • Nicholas Owen (carpenter) created network -> masterminded the escape of John Gerard (a Jesuit) from the Tower in 1597
19
Q

1581 laws against Catholicism

A
  • fine for recusancy raised to £20

* any attempt to convert was treason

20
Q

Act Against Jesuits and Seminary Priests

A
  • 1585

* treason -> had to leave in 40 days on pain of death

21
Q

Pursuivants

A
  • officials who raided the safe houses -> houses could be ripped apart
  • searches could last up to a week
22
Q

Catholic population by the end of her reign

A

10% were sympathisers

2% were recusants

23
Q

Pope’s involvement in the demise of English Catholicism

A
  • Catholics forbidden to attend church services - few could pay the fines imposed
  • appointed unpopular Jesuit George Blackwell as ‘Archpriest’ of England
  • encouraged plots against Liz -> the few that did commit treason enforced the idea that Catholicism was ‘dangerous, unpatriotic and foreign’
24
Q

What were Protestants unhappy with?

A
  • thought Catholic tradition were based on superstition, not the Bible
  • Roman church was corrupt
  • angry about the continued existence of bishops
  • angry about vestments worn by Anglican clergy
25
Q

Thomas Cartwright

A
  • inspired by Calvinism
  • 1570 - delivered lectures at Cambridge
  • called for abolition of bishops
  • do not call Elizabeth ‘Supreme Governor’
  • Liz likes hierarchy because it dissuaded rebellion against her authority
26
Q

1572

A
  • Puritan printing presses destroyed because 2 pamphlets criticised the structure and beliefs of the Church
  • Liz rejected any bills from puritans
27
Q

1576

A
  • MPs were no longer allowed to discuss religious matters without her permission
  • imprisoned puritan Peter Wentworth for challenging this
28
Q

Prophesying

A
  • prayer meeting where the Bible was discussed and debated
  • sermons were said
  • dangerous opportunity for spreading Puritan ideas around the country
29
Q

William Stubbs

A

Had his hand cut off for writing a pamphlet criticising Liz

30
Q

John Whitgift’s regime

A
  • immediately issued the Three Articles (forced all clergymen to swear absolute acceptance to bishops, the Prayer Book and the Thirty-Nine Articles)
  • 300 ministers suspended as a result
  • caused the breaking of Puritans from the Anglicans to form Separatists or Brownists
31
Q

Brownists

A
  • named after Robert Browne

* imprisoned after setting up a congregation in Norwich

32
Q

1589

A
  • Puritan pamphlets published anonymously

* coarse language, disrespectful tone turned ppl against them

33
Q

Act Against Seditious Sectaries

A
  • 1593

* also authorities to execute anyone suspect of being a Separatist

34
Q

The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity

A
  • 1593
  • Richard Hooker
  • defended the middle way, dismissed Puritan criticisms of it

Elizabeth (10 decks)

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