Religion Flashcards
1
Q
Which Catholic practises did she ban?
A
- Mass
- transubstantiation
- prayer book containing pictures of saints
- any superstitious images
2
Q
Which Catholic practises did she enjoy?
A
- church decoration
* church music
3
Q
Aims
A
- heal divisions before civil war
- Protestantism strong in south east
- Catholicism strong in north and West Country
- maximise personal power and wealth
4
Q
Act of Supremacy
A
- May 1559
- re-established break from Rome
- Elizabeth was Supreme Governor instead of Supreme Head
- all members of the clergy had to swear an oath of loyalty to her
- churches would keep their existing, pre-reformation episcopal structure -> Archbishops of Canterbury and York, with various bishops
- Court of High Commission monitored people and prosecuted the disloyal
5
Q
Act of Uniformity
A
• May 1559
6
Q
Royal Injunctions
A
- July 1559
* outlines 57 rules to be followed
7
Q
Thirty-Nine Articles
A
• 1563
8
Q
Clarifications
A
- new Book of Common prayer issued -> moderately worded, radical Protestant ideas
- Mass abandoned
- Bible written in English, services held in English
- clergy allowed to marry
- old Catholic practises of pilgrimaged and saints’ images banned
- altar replaced with communion table
- ornaments of corsets and candles could be placed on table
- priests wore vestments
9
Q
Matthew Parker
A
- 1559-75
- Cambridge-educated
- very reluctant
- moderate Protestant
- favourite chaplain of Anne Boleyn
- in hiding during Mary Tudor’s reign
- avoided politics
- used power to prevent rise of Puritanism
10
Q
Edmund Grindal
A
- 1576-83
- Cambridge-educated
- Mary’s reign exiled in Europe
- quarrelled with Liz about prophesying
- suspended and held under house arrest until his death
11
Q
John Whitgift
A
- 1583- 1604
- Cambridge-educated
- passionate about religious uniformity
- harsh regime
- hated puritans
- politically active - sat on Privy Council
12
Q
Catholic punishments
A
- those who refused to accept the middle way and who held a public office (MPs, JPS, judges etc.) had their positions taken away
- attendance of Anglican Church made compulsory -> Pope ordered against this
- Recusants fined a shilling a week
- attendance of mass fined
- conducting mass = death penalty
13
Q
The Treason Act
A
- 1571
- denying Liz’s supremacy and bringing the Pope’s bull of excommunication into England could be punished by death
- anyone who left for more than 6 months had their land confiscated (prevent missionaries)
14
Q
St. Bartholomew’s Day
A
- 1572
- France
- thousands of French Protestants killed in mob violence brought about by catholic government
15
Q
Jesuits
A
A religious group dedicated to serving the Pope
16
Q
Jesuit priests
A
- rigorously trained
- sent to England as educators to gain influence over rich and powerful families
- helped snuggle other priests into England
17
Q
Edmund Campion
A
- Jesuit priest
- arrived in 1580
- went to Lancashire then London
- held church ceremonies in the homes of important Catholic families
- wore disguises and used ‘safe houses’
- caught within a year of his arrival -> located by Walsingham’s spy network and taken to the Tower of London
- offered freedom if he converted
- denied plotting against Elizabeth when on the rack
- 1581 -> executed for treason
18
Q
Priest holes
A
- Anne Vaux and Eleanor Brooksby rented houses for the priests to use
- cleverly concealed rooms and Oscar’s where priests could hide and where Mass could be celebrated
- Nicholas Owen (carpenter) created network -> masterminded the escape of John Gerard (a Jesuit) from the Tower in 1597
19
Q
1581 laws against Catholicism
A
- fine for recusancy raised to £20
* any attempt to convert was treason
20
Q
Act Against Jesuits and Seminary Priests
A
- 1585
* treason -> had to leave in 40 days on pain of death
21
Q
Pursuivants
A
- officials who raided the safe houses -> houses could be ripped apart
- searches could last up to a week
22
Q
Catholic population by the end of her reign
A
10% were sympathisers
2% were recusants
23
Q
Pope’s involvement in the demise of English Catholicism
A
- Catholics forbidden to attend church services - few could pay the fines imposed
- appointed unpopular Jesuit George Blackwell as ‘Archpriest’ of England
- encouraged plots against Liz -> the few that did commit treason enforced the idea that Catholicism was ‘dangerous, unpatriotic and foreign’
24
Q
What were Protestants unhappy with?
A
- thought Catholic tradition were based on superstition, not the Bible
- Roman church was corrupt
- angry about the continued existence of bishops
- angry about vestments worn by Anglican clergy
25
Q
Thomas Cartwright
A
- inspired by Calvinism
- 1570 - delivered lectures at Cambridge
- called for abolition of bishops
- do not call Elizabeth ‘Supreme Governor’
- Liz likes hierarchy because it dissuaded rebellion against her authority
26
Q
1572
A
- Puritan printing presses destroyed because 2 pamphlets criticised the structure and beliefs of the Church
- Liz rejected any bills from puritans
27
Q
1576
A
- MPs were no longer allowed to discuss religious matters without her permission
- imprisoned puritan Peter Wentworth for challenging this
28
Q
Prophesying
A
- prayer meeting where the Bible was discussed and debated
- sermons were said
- dangerous opportunity for spreading Puritan ideas around the country
29
Q
William Stubbs
A
Had his hand cut off for writing a pamphlet criticising Liz
30
Q
John Whitgift’s regime
A
- immediately issued the Three Articles (forced all clergymen to swear absolute acceptance to bishops, the Prayer Book and the Thirty-Nine Articles)
- 300 ministers suspended as a result
- caused the breaking of Puritans from the Anglicans to form Separatists or Brownists
31
Q
Brownists
A
- named after Robert Browne
* imprisoned after setting up a congregation in Norwich
32
Q
1589
A
- Puritan pamphlets published anonymously
* coarse language, disrespectful tone turned ppl against them
33
Q
Act Against Seditious Sectaries
A
- 1593
* also authorities to execute anyone suspect of being a Separatist
34
Q
The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
A
- 1593
- Richard Hooker
- defended the middle way, dismissed Puritan criticisms of it
