Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Elizabeth > Exploration > Flashcards

Exploration Flashcards

1
Q

Luxury goods from the East

A

Spices, incense, silks, cottons, perfumes

Highly prized because lengthy transportation caused them to be expensive

Brought from Far East over land on back of camels - 2/3 years to reach Genoa or Venice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Difficulties surrounding trade with the east

A

Ottoman Empire - Muslim. Hostile to Christian Europe

Conquered much of Eastern Europe and held power in the Mediterranean

Placed high taxes on all goods passing through their territory

Wanted to find new sea routes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reneissance

A

Encouraged learning and spirit of adventure

Development in ships design - caravels and car racks used for exploration. Triangular lateen sail (from Arab ships? Meant ships could sail whichever way, whatever the wind direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

New ideas

A

Intellectual thought world was round - could sail north around Russia, south around Africa or west across Atlantic to reach Far East

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Printing press meant

A

Maps and geographical literature was more readily available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Astrolabe

A

Ships position could be plotted accurately

Magnetic compass developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rudder

A

Have the crew more control when steering the ship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bartholomew Diaz

A
  • 1487
  • sailed around southern tip of Africa - ‘cape of good hope’ -> crew forced him to turn around
  • crucial to proving world was not flat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vasco de Gama

A
  • 1498
  • carried on further round the cape of good hope, reached India
  • no longer necessary for goods to pass through ottoman land before reaching Europe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Christopher Columbus

A
  • 1492
  • sponsored by Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella
  • the New World discovered by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean in search of an alternative route to India
  • landed in the Caribbean - called the islands the West Indies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

John Cabot

A
  • 1497
  • funded by England’s King Henry VII
  • sailed across Atlantic - reaches Newfoundland in Canada
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A
  • 1498
  • invitation of the King of Portugal
  • sailed across the Atlantic, explored eastern coast of South America (discovered it was a new continent, not the eastern edges of Asia)
  • America derived from his forename
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A
  • 1519 - 1522
  • Circumnavigation
  • Spanish-funded expedition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

European Empires

A
  • Spain and Portugal dominated, becoming rich and powerful
  • overseas empires caused the beginning of transatlantic slave trade
  • Spanish set up cooonies over deter peoples in central and South America -> gained silver, gold, tobacco, potatoes and tomatoes
  • Portuguese colonised coastal areas of West Africa, India and Brazil (grew sugar and cotton on plantation, using West African slaves)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

English join in

A
  • significant naval power
  • 53 warships by Henry VIII’s death
  • Spanish licences to trade with colonies in new world were rarely granted to English sailors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Spanish monopoly on new world goods led to

A

Lots of English pirates robbing Spanish treasure ships and ports

Patriotism and nationalism

17
Q

Privateers

A

Licensed by Elizabeth’s tournaments to commit piracy against any ships belonging to England’s enemies

Ships (smaller, faster) privately owned, financed by merchants and even the Queen herself

Guns were essential - fired broadside, then do the same on the other side of the Galleon

18
Q

Trading companies

A

• The Muscovy Company -> 1555
set up after a voyage led by English sailors Willoughby and Chancellor reached Archangel, Russia. Traded timbers and furs with Russia.
• The Eastland Company -> 1579, traded timber, tar, canvas and rope with Scandinavia and the Baltic
• The Levant Company -> 1581, traded currents and dyes with the Mediterranean
• The East India Company -> 1600, traded in the Far East in silks, spices, cotton and tea

19
Q

Route to China

A
  • wanted to discover a North West Passage to China

* sailing round north of Canada (ice)

20
Q

Martin Frobisher

A
  • 1576 - failed in attempt to discover a North West Passage to China
  • tried 2 more times
21
Q

Other explorers who attempted to find a North West Passage to China

A

Humphrey Gilbert, John Davis failed in 1580s

James Lancaster reached the east in 1590s- sailed around cape of good hope to reach India and the spice islands

22
Q

John Hawkins

A
  • 1560s
  • 3 voyages to Caribbean, trading slaves he had captured in West Africa with the Spanish colonies
  • made a great deal of money
  • returned to England with gold, silver and animal skins
  • last voyage (with Drake) he clashed with Spanish, lost many men and a number of ships
  • turned to designing new ships for the navy
23
Q

Francis Drake on a naval level

A
  • explorer and privateer
  • patriotic
  • hated Spain
  • Puritan -> hated Spanish Catholicism
  • wanted to avenge Spanish attack on cousin’s expedition in 1568
  • 1572 - captured £40,999 worth of Spanish silver from Spanish treasure ships travelling from Mexico to Peru. Also captured Spanish port of Nombre de Dios in Panama
  • Spaniards referred to him as ‘El Draque’
24
Q

Francis drake on a personal level

A
  • born in Tavistock, Devon in c.1540 to a yeoman farmer
  • after 1549 rebellions, his fam moved to Kent
  • 1580s - MP
  • 1581 - knighted
  • 1596 - died of dysentery
25
Q

Circumnavigation

A
  • 1577-1580
  • first Englishman ever
  • returned with £400,000 Spanish treasure; 10 for himself and the rest to investors (Queeno received half)
  • swore drake and other sailors to secrecy on pain of death
  • rewarded drake with jewel bearing her portrait
  • knighted him on the deck of his flagship the Golden Hind
26
Q

Sir Walter Raleigh on a naval level

A
  • courtier
  • led a number of voyages to the Americas
  • received a royal patent to establish a colony
  • named an area of North America ‘Virginia’ -> had huge supply of wine, oil, sugar and flax
  • less doemdnace in Europe, solving poverty crisis
  • settlers faced food shortages and returned home after a year
  • second disappeared without a trace
  • 1595 - looked for El Dorado in South America
27
Q

Sir Walter Raleigh on a personal level

A
  • born c.1554 to a Protestant family in Devon
  • landed gentleman, poet, soldier
  • favourite of Liz
  • introduced potatoes and tobacco to England
  • 1585 - knighted
  • 1585&6, MP for Devonshire; 1597, MP for Dorset; 1601 MP for Cornwall
  • 1592 - secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton (LIW), dismissed from court
  • 1593- released from tower and back in good favour
  • 1600-1603: Governor of Jersey
  • back in tower under Jakey
  • 1618- executed under Spanish pressure

Elizabeth (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions