religion Flashcards
What were 2 of Elizabeth’s aims regarding religion?
- To heal the divisions between Protestants and Catholics to avoid Civil War
- To maximise her personal power by taking as much control over the church as possible
what was the act of supremacy and when was it establishes?
1559
It re-established the break from Rome and an independent Church of England and all members of the clergy had to swear an oath of loyalty to her.
However, as a compromise the Archbishops and Bishops were kept which it was hoped would please Catholics.
what was the act of uniformity?
it set out the rules of religious practice and worship and introduced a new prayer book.
- Catholic Mass was abandoned and the Bible was written in English (to please protestants)
- Ornaments such as crosses and candles could be placed on the communion table and Priests had to wear traditional- style Vestments (to please Catholics)
how were both the acts of supremacy and uniformity viewed
Moderate Protestants and Catholics were happy with them but Puritan and extreme Catholics thought they were too generous to the “enemy”
what was a puritan?
An English Protestant who wanted to further simplify the church of England and remove anything related to Catholicism.
give four examples of when puritans challenged Elizabeth and how did Elizabeth deal with it?
1570 - Thomas Cartwright delivered a series of lectures and called for Bishops to be abolished. He was sacked from his position at Cambridge University.
1577 -Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury was placed under house arrest for not banning prophesying
300 ministers, most of whom had Puritan views, were suspended for refusing to agree to the Acts introducing in the first 5 years of Elizabeth reign.
1593 - Seditious Sectaries Act made Puritanism an offence
why was Mary queen of Scotts a rival for the throne and a threat to Elizabeth?
Because Elizabeth was childless and Mary had a claim to the throne. She was a Pro – French and a Catholic
what did Elizabeth do with Mary when she arrived in England?
Mary was kept under house arrest.
when was the northern rebellion?
1569
what happened during the first stages of the northern rebellion?
The duke of Norfolk, the Queens cousin wanted to marry Mary and put pressure on Elizabeth, as Marys claim to the throne would be strengthened strong. Dudley and Throckmorton were brought in to the plot but Dudley confessed to Elizabeth. Norfolk was arrested
what success did the (northern rebellion) rebels have?
Two Catholic nobles Northumberland and Westmorland started an uprising of 5000 rebels in the north and Mass was illegally held in Durham cathedral. In December they waited for Spanish assistance.
why did the northern rebellion fail?
Lack of foreign support
Lack of an uprising by the general population
Key Northern towns were held by the government e.g. York.
The rebels lost a short battle and Westmorland and Northumberland fled to Scotland
what was the impact of the northern uprising?
Elizabeth confiscated the land of the Earls who rebelled making her stronger
The reorganising of the Northern Council strengthened her position
Norfolk was released after 9 months in the tower of London
In what year did the Pope introduce a Bull excommunicating Elizabeth?
1570
why was the excommunication of Elizabeth by the pope significant?
because english catholics did not have to be loyal to Elizabeth.
