explorations and the Spanish armada

Question 1

why did Britain develop trading routes during the elizabethan era?

Answer 1

To bring in Expensive goods eg silk

To bypass the taxes that had to be payed to the Ottoman Turks

The triangular lateen sail meant ships could sail in any direction regardless of the wind

The chance to get rich

Question 2

what were privateers?

Answer 2

people who had been given a license by Elizabeth to steal from English enemies.

Question 3

what was the Eastland company?

Answer 3

a company formed in 1579 which traded timber and rope in Scandinavia.

Question 4

what was the levant company?

Answer 4

a company that traded goods such as dyes in the mediterranean

Question 5

what was the east India company?

Answer 5

a company formed in 1600 that traded in the Far East for Silks, spices and tea

Question 6

who was John Hawkins?

Answer 6

a slave trader. he traded slaves captured in west Africa in the Caribbean making him very wealthy.

Question 7

how did John Hawkins increase the tension between the Spanish and the English?

Answer 7

he lost the battle of San Juan dw Ulua in 1568 increasing anti-spanish feeling in the english court.

Question 8

who was sir Walter Raleigh?

Answer 8

an English explorer who attempted to develop colonies in modern day North America.

Question 9

what were the aims of Raleigh’s explorations?

Answer 9

He was given a Royal Patent to establish a Colony to gain control North America. It was hoped that England would gain control of goods such as wine and oil.

To ease the problems of poverty and overpopulation – people could be sent abroad

Question 10

how successful was Raleigh?

Answer 10

both Raleigh’s attempt at colonisation failed

Question 11

what impact did Raleighs voyages have?

Answer 11

He developed the idea that colonies could be set in North America and Virginia was settled by English colonisers after Elizabeth’s death

Question 12

who was sir Francis drake?

Answer 12

a privateer, successful captain who circumnavigated the globe 1577-80.

Question 13

what problems did drake face when circumnavigating the globe?

Answer 13

rough seas
pirates
the spanish

Question 14

why was drakes circumnavigating an achievement?

Answer 14

Only the second man in History to achieve this

He was the first Englishman to achieve this

Drake returned with £400,000 in treasure with Elizabeth getting £200,000 of that more than her entire income for a year

Question 15

how was drake viewed as a result of his circumnavigation?

Answer 15

as a hero by the english.

Question 16

why was king Phillip hostile to Elizabeth and England?

Answer 16

Elizabeth had rejected him as a possible husband

As a devout Catholic Philip saw Elizabeth as a heretic

English Privateers stole from Spanish ships

Question 17

what was the Spanish Netherlands?

Answer 17

a protestant country, controlled by the Spanish which had strong trading link with England.

Question 18

what was Englands role in the war between the Spanish and the Spanish Netherlands?

Answer 18

In 1585 England sent 7000 troops under Dudley’s command to help the Dutch rebels. England and Spain were now at war

Question 19

when did the armada leave for battle?

Answer 19

may 1588

Question 20

how did the Spanish contribute to the defeat of the Spanish Armada

Answer 20

The Duke of Medina Sedonia who led the Armada was not an experienced Seaman and so made poor decisions

Medina Sedonia was not in communication with the Duke of Parma making an invasion nearly impossible

Question 21

what role fit the English play in the spanish defeat?

Answer 21

Experienced seaman leading the fleet e.g. Lord Howard and Sir Francis Drake used effective tactics eg hit and run

English ships kept their distance making the Spanish cannons ineffective as they could only fire a relatively short distance

Question 22

what role did the weather play in the defeat of the spanish armada?

Answer 22

The wind changes direction and blew the Armada in to the North sea making it impossible to meet up with Parma. This was called the “Protestant wind”