Religion

Question 1

ascetic

Answer 1

practising self-discipline with a view to spiritual improvement, especially by living a simple life

Question 2

calling

Answer 2

a purpose in life. religion - people are to fulfill God’s will

Question 3

church

Answer 3

religious organizations that are well established and characterized by an inclusive orientation and involuntary membership

Question 4

cult

Answer 4

a type of non-established religious organization based, new religious movements, loosely organizated

Question 5

denomination

Answer 5

sub-category, lranches

Question 6

doctrine of predestination

Answer 6

the belief that an all-knowing God will have known and determined, who is religiously saved and damned

Question 7

ecclesia

Answer 7

official religion of society

Question 8

functionalist definitions of religion

Answer 8

any definition that uses what religion does as its primary criterion

Question 9

religion

Answer 9

• Any culturally transmitted system of beliefs used to orient people and set meaning for the sacred

Question 10

Kenneth Westhues

Answer 10

…any set of beliefs, rituals, roles, and procedures

by which people respond to the fact of limitation

Question 11

Durkheim

Answer 11

sought to understand functional role of religion
• science saw religion as pure myth and bunk
• sacred objects and activities are those shared by the group but treated with awe and respect
• Sacred objects represent, in part, the greater power
• Religions came out of group behavior and group experience
• Collective effervescence
-even when alone, carry the group
with us

Question 12

Durkheim - why persistant?

Answer 12

Internalization - individual is socialized and carries the group’s norms, etc. Develops a conscience.
• Religion’s power over human minds is the power the group has over the minds of individuals.

Question 13

Durkheim function of religion

Answer 13

– Represents society through rituals and myths
–Sacred are those things shared by Sacred are those things shared by the group
– Profane or secular are done by the individual
• Integration: church/temple services
• Regulation: the profane and sacred: washing & prayer sessions
• Empower: reason to persist through diversity
• Interpret: misfortune or deaths
• Represent: link experience and belief

Question 14

Weber

Answer 14

Religion born of a need to explain suffering and difficulty 
• Religion is an agent of change
• Calvinism - work hard to fulfill your 
purpose or ‘calling’
• espoused hard work but espoused hard work but 
condemned luxury
• ethic of hard work to serve God is 
compatible with the growth of 
capitalism
• “Routinization of Charisma” - leaders die
• over time most religious 
movements compromise their ideas 
as they gain power and influence as they gain power and influence 
• begin to concentrate on worldly 
concerns of their members and 
leaders and the long-term survival 
of the group.

Question 15

Glenn

Answer 15

black southern churches are for pacifying flock

Question 16

Marx

Answer 16

• The rich and powerful used religion 
to gain legitimacy for their wealth 
and power.
• The exploited need some relief 
from suffering
an opiate to the people an opiate to the people” as 
• religion prevented masses from 
challenging the rich and powerful.
• In the short run: religion may 
facilitate survival in a dehumanizing 
environment
In the long run: religion may retard 
the struggle for change

Question 17

BATSON

Answer 17

A positive relationship between amount of religious involvement and amount of prejudice

Question 18

Allport

Answer 18

1. EXTRINSIC Religious Orientation - self serving, to gain

2. INTRINSIC Religious Orientation - religion is part of identity