Religion

Question 1

Jupiter/Jove

Answer 1

Father god that controlled everything. He called storms and presided over everyone including the fates.

Mature male, spear/scepter. eagle. lightning bolts

Question 2

Juno wife of Jupiter

Answer 2

only married goddess. goddess of wedding and marriage.

scepter/spear, diadem (crown), peacock

Question 3

Minerva (Athena)

Answer 3

Goddess of war. strategy (mental aspects)

standing with spear/sword and shield. helmet tipped back. Aegis - Medusa’s head on breastplate

Question 4

Venus

Answer 4

Love/beauty. mother of all Romans.

Young and beautiful, with her son cupid.
pre-Christianity had no angels

Question 5

Mars

Answer 5

Father of Rome. God of war, strength and might.

Mature Male. Tilted helmet. sword and shield

Question 6

Neptune

Answer 6

God of waterways

Mature male. Portrayed with ships, dolphins, fish, mythological sea creatures and a trident.

Question 7

Mercury

Answer 7

god messenger and god of commerce. He brought souls to the underworld.

Young male. little wings on hat and boots. he was small. Carried his special messenger staff caduceus. Two snake intertwined on staff.

Question 8

Apollo

Answer 8

Greek God. god of healing, the sun, poetry/music, hunting. Patron god of Augustus.

Youthful. Bow and arrow. Chariot to pull sun. Lyre.

Question 9

Ceres

Answer 9

god of crops. grain is the staple crop. Romans were entitled to grain. Holds crops or cornucopia

Question 10

Victoria

Answer 10

Goddess of victory

she is small. huge wings

Question 11

Roma

Answer 11

Goddess of Rome. Fierce

tipped helmet, sword/shield, always seated on conquered armor

Question 12

Hercules

Answer 12

Greek God. established herculean. brought cattle to Italy. God of commerce and athletic competition.

mature male. Huge muscles. Holds souvenirs from 12 labors. Nemean lion skin. Club. Golden apples from Jupiter’s garden

Question 13

Dionysus/Bacchus

Answer 13

God of wine. Had a mystery cult that promised a happy afterlife and gained him many followers.

youthful. panther. Thyrsus - staff w/ pinecone (fertility)

Question 14

epithet

Answer 14

attribute regarded as characteristic of the person or thing mentioned

Question 15

Cult of the Ancestors

Answer 15

Descendants are supposed to take care of graves and celebrate with them to keep the spirits happy.

holidays dedicated to deceased to make sure there were no angry spirits

Question 16

Cult of the emperors

Answer 16

The emperors (not kings) would become gods after death if they were good. Julius was the first.

Question 17

Mystery Cults

Answer 17

Romans had no afterlife.

Soldiers returning form the east brought back religions.
anyone could join
secrets revealed at initiation after schooling
feasts and support
you could join and still support roman religion
when you died you were promised a happy afterlife with that god

Question 18

Judaism

Answer 18

demanded sole worship. very strict and ancient religion. helped Romans many times. Romans taxed Jews in exchange for letting them be. Great temple in Jerusalem

Vespasian. General that became emperor. His son Titus goes to Jerusalem to silence rebellion. They loot the temple and bring back its treasure to Rome.

Nero bankrupted Rome building his golden house and Vespasian replenished its wealth. Jews began worshiping at home.

Question 19

Christianity

Answer 19

Jesus born 0 AD dies 37 AD. Different christian communities. They tried to convert people in secret. Nero first to put Christians to death. He blamed the great fire on them. Diocletian worst era

Constantine usurped by Maxentius. The christian god reveals himself to Constantine so he puts the christian symbol on his shields then defeats Maxentius. Edict of Milan: tolerate religions (including Christianity)

Question 20

bucranium

Answer 20

ox skull symbol. symbol of sacrifices

Question 21

patera

Answer 21

shallow bowl with a raised nub in the center for a good grip to ensure a smooth ceremony.

Question 22

capite velato

Answer 22

toga pulled over head. A man under religious undertaking

Question 23

supplicatio

Answer 23

day when men, women and children would go temple to temple and thank the gods for prosperity

Question 24

bulla

Answer 24

only roman citizen children could wear it. symbol of bright future. gave it up at 14

Question 25

Pax Deorum

Answer 25

the harmony or accord between the divine and human was the pax deorum or pax divom (“the peace of the gods” or “divine peace”).[377] Pax deorum was only given in return for correct religious practice. Religious error (vitium) and impiety led to divine disharmony and ira deorum (the anger of the gods