Reliability And Validity Flashcards
What is reliability?
When the same results can be consistently replicated under the same circumstances
What are the two ways of assessing a study’s reliability?
Test-retest
Inter-observer reliability
What is the test-retest method?
When you give a participant the same test on 2 separate occasions. If the results are the same/similar, it suggests that they’re reliable.
What is Inter-observer reliability?
When multiple researchers assess participants
When is Inter-observer reliability mostly used?
In observational studies
How can inter-observer reliability be improved?
Set clearly defined behavioural categories to avoid observer bias
What is validity?
When a set of results accurately measure what they’re supposed to
What is internal validity?
Whether the results of an experiment are due to the manipulation of the IV and not any other factor
What can affect internal validity?
Extraneous variables
Demand characteristics
Investigator bias
What is external validity?
Whether or not the results are generalisable to other settings, populations and eras
What is ecological validity?
Generalisability to other situations/settings
What is temporal validity?
Generalisability to other historical times and eras
What is population validity?
Generalisability to different populations of various ages, genders and cultures
What are two ways of assessing validity?
Face validity
Concurrent validity
What is face validity?
When a study just looks like it measures what it’s supposed to at face value
