Relationships and Trends Flashcards
What is the relationship between pKa and acid strength?
The larger the pKa, the weaker the acid.
The smaller the pKa, the stronger the acid.
Weak acids have a (strong, weak) conjugate base
Strong
Strong acids have a (strong, weak) conjugate acid
Weak
Equilibrium lies toward the (stronger, weaker) acid
Weaker
Stable ions are (more, less) acidic
More
How does the electronegativity of an atom contribute to the acidity of a molecule?
The more electronegative the atom, the more acidic the molecule.
Ex) H3CO- is more acidic than CH3–CH2-
As a molecule gets larger, acidity (increases, decreases)
Increases
Smaller molecules are (more, less) acidic
Less
Why are larger molecules generally more acidic?
The higher surface area is able to distribute the negative charge more
Molecules with more resonance structures are generally (more, less) acidic
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Why are molecules with more resonance structures generally more acidic?
Resonance allows two atoms to share the negative charge. This is a stabilizing effect (remember, more stable molecules=more acidic)
How does induction relate to acidity?
Polarization through a sigma system due to an electronegative atom.
Induction is highly dependent on _______.
Distance
The help that induction provides (increases, decreases) rapidly with ______.
Decreases rapidly with distance
The more s character, the (more, less) acidic
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