Functional Group Definitions Flashcards
Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbon, every carbon has the maximum number of hydrogens possible.
Ex) Methane, Propane
Alkenes
Unsaturated hydrocarbon, at least one or more double bond present
Ex) Ethene, Hexene
Alkynes
Unsaturated hydrocarbon, at least one or more triple bond present
Ex) Methyne, Butyne
Alkyl halide
Alkane with a halide (F, Cl, Br, I) in place of hydrogen.
Primary alkyl halide
A halide is bonded to a carbon which is bonded to one other carbon
Secondary alkyl halide
A halide is bonded to a carbon which is attached to two other carbons
Tertiary alkyl halide
A halide is bonded to a carbon which is attached to three other carbons
Alcohols
-OH (hydroxide) bonded to an sp3 carbon
Ex) Ethanol
Primary alcohol
Hydroxide is bonded to a carbon which is attached to one other carbon
Secondary alcohol
Hydroxide is bonded to a carbon which is attached to two other carbons
Tertiary alcohol
Hydroxide is bonded to a carbon which is attached to three other carbons
Ether
An oxygen bonded to two different alkyl groups
Ex) Diethyl ether
Amines
A nitrogen bonded to other carbons by a single bond
Primary amine
A nitrogen bonded to one other carbon
Secondary amine
A nitrogen bonded to two other carbons
Tertiary amine
A nitrogen bonded to three other carbons
Aldehyde
A carbonyl group (oxygen double bonded to a carbon) bonded to one hydrogen and one carbon
Ketone
A carbonyl group (oxygen double bonded to a carbon) bonded to two carbons
Ex) Acetone
Carboxylic acid
A carbon double bonded to an oxygen and a hydroxide (-COOH, or properly OH-C=O)
Ester
A derivative of carboxylic acid. Replace hydrogen with a carbon
Amide
A derivative of carboxylic acid. Replace the hydroxide group with an amine group
Primary amide
An amide group where the nitrogen is bonded to a single carbon
Secondary amide
An amide group where the nitrogen is bonded to two carbons
Tertiary amide
An amide group where the nitrogen is bonded to three carbons
Nitriles
A carbon triply bonded to a nitrogen
