RELATIONSHIPS AND PROCESSES WITHIN SKL

Question 1

What is a hidden curriculum?

Answer 1

schools pass on a set of norms and values to their students

Question 2

Examples of hidden curriculum

Answer 2

Turning up to lessons on time
Dressing smartly in correct uniform
Working hard to achieve rewards

Question 3

What do labelling theories create?

Answer 3

Self fulfilling prophecies

Question 4

What does the labelling theory state?

Answer 4

People decide on the characters of others and treat them accordingly whether the label is fair or not

Question 5

What is a self fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 5

Where the student internalises the label they’ve been given as part of their identity and acts up to the label.

Question 6

Example of self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 6

Troublemakers might behave poorly because that is how they think their teacher expects them to behave anyway.

Question 7

GILBORN and YOUDELL
Study that shows teachers label student based on ethnic/gender/class stereotypes

Answer 7

Found that black pupils were more likely to be disciplined than their white classmates for the same behaviour
Black students felt that their teachers had low expectations of them.

Question 8

3 ways to organise teaching in a school

Answer 8

Streaming
Setting
Mixed ability

Question 9

STREAMING

Answer 9

Students are sorted into classes according to ability and they stay in these groups for all or most of their subjects.

Question 10

SETTING

Answer 10

Students are sorted into classes according to ability but on a subject by subject
e.g: top set for maths bottom english

Question 11

MIXED ABILITY

Answer 11

Students are sorted into classes that aren’t based on ability so that the highest and lowest achieving students are taught together.

Question 12

Advantage of setting and streaming

Answer 12

All students can work at their own level and pace

Question 13

One problem with streaming

Answer 13

Students are likely to be better at some subjects than others so some bottom stream students aren’t challenged enough in certain subjects whilst some top stream students struggle in some subjects.

Question 14

What can both setting and streaming lead to

Answer 14

Low self esteem for those in lowest ability classes.

Question 15

What did Ball 1981 find?

Answer 15

That teachers had high expectations for the highest ability classes.
These students received even more attention and encouragement while those in lower classes suffered from negative labelling and performed poorly.

Question 16

What do mixed ability classes avoid?

Answer 16

Can avoid worsening gaps in pupil achievement
BUT studies have shown that teachers still hold low expectations for lower ability students and often lower the level of their teaching to suit them.

Question 17

What is a subculture?

Answer 17

A group of individuals who share ideas and behaviour patterns different from the norm/ mainstream culture.

Question 18

Two examples of subcultures

Answer 18

Pro school and anti school

Question 19

What effect can subcultures have on student achievment

Answer 19

positive and negative

Question 20

Three reasons why subcultures are formed

Answer 20

Streaming
Ethnicity
Social class

Question 21

What Lacey 1970 say about subcultures

Answer 21

Claimed it was a result of streaming.
He conducted his study in a grammar school
Even though all pupils had been selected as bright at age 11 all bottom stream formed an anti school subculture because they were labelled as failures.

Question 22

What did Fuller say about subcultures?

Answer 22

Looked at a group of black girls in year 11
They were high ability but felt their teachers were racist so they didnt work for their teachers approval.
Instead formed a subculture worked alone and succeeded.

Question 23

What did Willis say about subcultures?

Answer 23

Studied a group of boys who had formed an anti school subculture
He found that the ‘lads’ deliberately disrupted lessons as a way of gaining respect.
Observed these boys were working class and likely to get manual jobs after school.
SOCIAL CLASS

Question 24

What is a more general way of studying pupils

Answer 24

Their identity

Question 25

What is it meant by identity

Answer 25

The way they view themselves and the way others view them.