relationship key words

Question 1

matching hypothesis

Answer 1

theory that argues that relationships are formed between two people who are equal or very similar in terms of social desirability.

Question 2

dissimilarity

Answer 2

differences in personality which people use to find a partner.

Question 3

intra psychic doubt

Answer 3

where a person starts to feel dissatisfied and under-benefited in their relationship, but they don’t say anything to their partner.

Question 4

sexual selection

Answer 4

the process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities

Question 5

equity

Answer 5

fairness in relationships: one partner’s benefits minus their costs, should equal another partner’s benefits minus their costs

Question 6

social exchange theory

Answer 6

a person will weigh the cost of a social interaction (negative outcome) against the reward of that social interaction (positive outcome).

Question 7

demographic characteristic

Answer 7

population characteristics such as age, sex, height etc.

Question 8

investment model

Answer 8

Investment refers to the number of resources, both tangible, like money or possessions, and intangible, like happy memories, that people will lose if they leave relationships.

Question 9

para-social relationship

Answer 9

Para-social relationships are one-sided and unreciprocated. For example, a person is a huge fan of a celebrity, and may have an obsessive crush on them, but the celebrity doesn’t even know they exist.

Question 10

a virtual relationship

Answer 10

a relationship that is solely online and takes place on social media

Question 11

self-disclosure

Answer 11

a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationship, which refers to the sharing of personal information. Greater self-disclosure tends to lead to greater levels of intimacy

Question 12

cuckoldry

Answer 12

wife being impregnated by another man but believing it is yours

Question 13

Dunbar and Waynforth

Answer 13

lonely hearts ad, double amount of men were looking for a younger partner than women.

Question 14

buss

Answer 14

Females seek to mate with males who have ability and willingness to provide resources related to parental investment.

Question 15

duck

Answer 15

found that there are several predisposing factors that could account for a high risk of relationship dissolution. these can broadly be grouped into internal factors where the risk lies in personality and background. and external factors where events threaten the relationship

Question 16

clarke and hatfield

Answer 16

50% of men and women
would go on a date with a stranger. 62/7% pf men would go to the women’s apartment, whereas only 6.7% of women accepted the request. found that 0% of women accept a male strangers offer of casual sex

Question 17

cole and leets

Answer 17

PSR satisfying their ‘unrealistic and often unmet relational needs’ some people more likely to develop PSRs through the concept of attachment styles. Insecure - resistant attachment (most likely to enter PSR). Avoidant individuals were least likely.

Question 18

trivers

Answer 18

found that another element in relationships is ‘parental investment’ This means that we are acting in response to the amount of effort, time, resources, risk that we need to accept as a result of our sexual behaviour.

Question 19

simpson

Answer 19

Participants rated members of the opposite sex in terms of attractiveness; those participants who were already involved in a relationship gave lower ratings.

Question 20

walster

Answer 20

Walster aimed to construct a more general account of human relationships than social exchange. He called this new model equity theory. Walster argued that it is our perception of equality, which is more important than mere profit or loss. This is what truly shapes our commitment to the relationship

Question 21

Kerchoff and Davies

Answer 21

studied student couples and discovered several important criteria people use to choose a partner. They call these criteria ‘filters’, as they help people to sift through all potential partners to choose the right one.

Question 22

Rusbult

Answer 22

Qs of rewards/benefits, costs and comparison level for alternatives. were contrasted to commitment. Participants weighed up the rewards, costs and possible alternatives before deciding whether to end a relationship. They were more likely to end one if they would lose little, and had high comparison level for alternatives.

Question 23

Maltby

Answer 23

Assessed the relationships between PSR level and personality.
* Entertainment-social level = ++ extraversion (sociable, lively, active),
* Intense-personal level = ++ neuroticism (Tense, emotional, moody).
* Borderline–pathological = ++ psychoticism (impulsive, anti-social, egocentric

Question 24

McCutcheon

Answer 24

suggests that people pursue parasocial relationships due to deficits within their real life. Relationships with celebrities are seen as an attempt to cope with or escape from reality.