Relationship Between Neuroanatomy and Neurology Flashcards
what is diagnosting neurology
clinicians make decisions based on clinical diagnoses instead of imaging
Determine location of the lesion from physical examination, history and knowledge about nervous system anatomy/function
are cns lesion types mutually exclusive
no
anatomic cns lesion def
dysfunction due to structural damage (physical disruption) of CNS
anatomic cns lesion examples
stroke, trauma, tumors
physiological cns lesion def
dysfunction in absence of obvious anatomic issues. Function is disrupted for less obvious reasons (cells aren’t functioning as expected)
physiological cns lesion ex
transient ischemia
symptoms def
subjective experience of infliction (what patients report to doctor).
signs def
objective measured abnormalities detected by physician. An independent observer can observe.
how are signs and symptoms related
signs validate symptoms
what is principle of localized function
dif parts of NS have dif functions so damage to an area will affect function of that area
how is the principle of localized function used in diagnostic neurology
Can relate signs/symptoms to parts of brain and make predictions based on that
what do negative manifestations result from
result from loss of NS function
negative manifestation examples
weakness, hemiparalysis, paralysis, sensation loss, memory loss
what do positive manifestations result fro m
unexpected inappropriate NS excitation
positive manifestation examples
seuizue, spasticity
what are seizures
unrestrained neural activity in cortex
what do grey matter lesions interfere with
function of neuron collections and synapses
what type of loss does grey matter lesions cause
neuronal loss
what type of manifestations do grey matter lesions cause
positive and negative
what do white matter lesions interfere with
signals between neurons
what type of loss do white matter lesions cause
axonal loss
what type of manifestations do white matter lesions cause
only negative manifestations
what are syndromes
cluster disorders that may have multiple reasons for existing. They are a group of signs/symptoms that are related which suggest a common origin
what are the 3 conditions that lead to NS dysfunction
destruction of neurons/axons, compression of brain/spinal cord, ventricular/vascular compromise/collapse
what is special about compression of brain / spinal cord
Can heal with time depending upon whether cell death happens
Transient loss of function
what is Ventricular or vascular compromise/collapse
Tumors in regions around ventricles can obstruct blood or CSF flow
Blockage of arteries that feed into multiple brain sites can cause cell deathc
can ventricular/vascular compromise be reversed
yes if no cell death occurs
what is focal pathollogy
signs and symptoms based on single, local isolated CNS lesion
example of focal pathology
stroke
what is multifocal pathology
damage to CNS at multiple sites
Areas still make sense as they are numerous related sites
ex of multifocal pathology
MS (demyelination across many areas of CNS in white matter)
what is diffuse process pathology
diffuse CNS damage in many places due to toxins/metabolic exposure
no rhyme/reason as to why its there
factor to consider when determining lesion
age, sex, medical context, time course of illness
what is differential diagnosis
list of possibilities based upon data due to synthesis of clinical data
