general plan of nervous system Flashcards
breakdown of PNS
somatic and autonmic systems
what does somatic system do and contain
voluntary system which controls body structures
motor and sensory nerves bundles
what is autonomic system and what are the subparts
background system that controls involuntary body functions
sympathetic and parasympatheic
rostral/caudal/dorsal/ventral for quad
rostral –> towards head
Caudal → towards tail
Dorsal → towards upper-facing surface (back - face up)
Ventral → towards bottom facing surface (front - face down)
rostral/caudal/dorsal/ventral for human
brain
Rostral → towards front of head
Caudal → towards back of head
Dorsal → towards upper-facing surface (top of head)
Ventral → towards bottom facing surface (toward ground)
Spinal cord
Rostral → towards head
Caudal → towards tail
Dorsal → towards upper-facing surface (back)
Ventral → towards bottom facing surface (front)
superior/inferior/anterior/posterior
Superior → up towards top of head
Inferior → down towards feet
Anterior → front
Posterior → back
medial/lateral
Medial → close to midline
Lateral → farther from midline
proximal/distal
Proximal → close
Distal → far
what are the planes of section
sagittal –> side
coronal/frontal –> frontal
horizontal –> parallel to ground for brain
transverse –> parallel to ground for SC
how to tell coronal plane
look for corpus callosum
how to tell horizontal
look for no corpus but deep separations
parts of CNS
brain (encephalon) and spinal cord
parts of encephalon
cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem
parts of cerebrum
telencephalon and diencephalon
parts of telencephalon
cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, basal ganglia
order of colors of matter in telencephalon
grey (cerebral cortex grey matter)
white (myelinated axon fiber tracts)
grey (basal ganglia)
subcortical white matter purpose
allow comm between L&R parts of brain
basal ganglia purpose
controls motor movement by giving precision
where is the diencephalon located
below telencephalon
parts of diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus
where is the cerebellum
hangs off caudal surface of brain
what is cerebellum
bilateral collections of grey and white matter tracts
what is the vermis
central portion of cerebellum
parts of brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
order of matter in spinal cord
grey matter inside with white matter outside
grey matter is called central grey
what are ventricles
Hollow spaces within brain and spinal cord filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
what is in CSF
high nutrient source for neurons (ions, sugars, electrolytes, salts)
what are tracts called in brain vs spinal cord
Brain → fasciculi
Spinal cord → columns or lemnisci
what is it called when columns cross the midline and what type of projection? if they dont cross?
decussate if cross and called contralateral projection
ipsilateral projection if stay on same time
what are sensory and motor homunculus
brain’s representation of body surface where different body parts are given different amount of neurons
PNS roots with type of information
dorsal roots –> sensory and afferent
ventral roots –> motor and efferent
afferent vs efferent
afferent –> to CNS
efferent –> away from CNS
