relationship between climate change and evolutionary biology

Question 1

Biogeography

Answer 1

= study of patterns of distribution of organisms and the factor affecting their distribution

Question 2

Phylogeography

Answer 2

= combines the relationship between phylogeny and physical geography

Question 3

biogeography in fossil records

Answer 3

• Physical distribution of species shows tectonic events such as the breakup of Pangea 200MYA
• distinct differentiation of species in Asia can be explained by the Wallace line

Question 4

Glaciation - southern richness vs northern purity theory

Answer 4

• Glaciation = organisms squeezed into southerly refuge groups
• Deglaciation = organisms recolonised northern areas
• Genetic diversity (species and genetic richness) decreases from south to north as when ice sheets retreat, not all species/individuals recolonise area uncovered, only certain haplotypes furthest north
• Greatest genetic diversity in refugial areas, as more time for mutation/evolution

Question 5

ranges of species may be squeezed from climate change

Answer 5

• Species pushed northwards (n hemisphere)
• Leaves a rear-edge population furthest south which will naturally recede northwards
• Refugial areas with rarest genetics/ greatest genetic diversity most at risk
  E.g. chrondus crispus (seaweed)
  Hazel tree
  Atlantic salmon