Relations with Indigenous People Flashcards
What can the period be between 1914 and 1947 be considered as?
A period of increasing protest by indigenous peoples agaisnt British rule becuase of:
-growing strength of organsied national movements
-British failure to respond to issues
What happened in January 1915 in Nyasaland?
Violent uprising led by John Chilembwe
=plot to kill all white men in the protectorate to establish African rule
=several landowners killed
=GB forces crush uprising after a few days and Chilembwe and others killed
=June 1915 government enquiry recongonised thaat treatment of Africans by landowners was unsatisfactory but no change recommened
What happened in 1923 in Keyna?
Attempted uprising by Nandi people by stamped out by arresting several elders and deporting them
What happened in Nigeria in 1929?
Violent protest agaisnt economic and social polcies by 10,000 Ibo women causing significant damage befreo the army crushed the protest and killed more than 50 women
How did Ireland gain its indepdence?
-Home rule Bill due to be applied in 1914
However March 1914, British soliders mutinied at Curragh refusing to enforce home rule. Ulster Volunteer force and Irish volunteers armed themselves resulting in 4 deaths and the home bill was suspended due to the war
-1916 Easter Rising in Dublin (anger at the delayed home rule)
-Defeated by government = mass arrests and executions which led to the rise of Sinn Fein (a small non-militiant group)
-1918 General election = Sinn Fein wins most Irish seats and then establsihes an Irish assembly in Dublin in 1919 and declared an Irish republic
-British ignored the claim so Sinn Fein paramilitary group IRA begin a guerrilla war against the British
-GB gov sends “Black and Tans”
-GB Parliament passes Government of Ireland Act 1920 (designed to partition Ireland)
-1921 Anglo-Irish treay = Southern = dominant Irish free state and Northern remained apart of UK
-June 1922- May 1923 = Irish civil war = won by pro-treaty forces
-1931 Statute of Westminister gave Irish free state autonomy BUT some nationalsits not satisfied
-1937 New consititution drawn up for Irish republic and eventaully in 1948 becomes formally seperate from the UK
What was the relationship with the Indians?
= Consistnet uprisings
e.g Feb 1915 failed attempt to paunch an army mutiny from Punjab crushed by GB with 42 executed
e.g Viceory passes Anarchial and Revolutionary Crimes Act 1919 which allwed for stricter controls of the press, arrest without a warrant and indefinite detention without a trial
e.g Armitsar Massacre 13 th April 1919
e.g Gandhi launches Non-cooperation movement 1920-1922 to directly challenge the Raj thorugh peaceful means
e.g Feb 1922 Chauri Chaura Incident
Police opened fire on a 25000 peaceful protest, killing 3 and hundreds arrested
e.g 1942 Quit India campaign
e.g Rise of Muslim LEague in the 1930’s which Britian found much harder to control due to the violence between the muslims and Hindus
=Aug 1947 partition and indepdence (killing 1 million in the process)
Who was arrested In Egypt in March 1919 and what did this lead to?
Egyptian nationalist leader Saad Zaghloul and exiled him to Malta, prompting widespread protests acroos Egypt and SUdan
=civil disobedience with GB military bases being attacked as well as civillian facilities
-Britain restored order, relased Zaghloul after killing 800 Egyptians
-1921 Lord Milner holds talks with Zaghloul about future
-1922 Egypt granted independence but some limitations
(refusd soveriegnty over Sudan, GB forces remained in the bases and maintain troops near the canal)
=resementment and protest agaisnt British presence reduced, thoguh did not end e.g Nov 1924 assissination of Governor General of Sudan
What was the relation with Palestine in this period?
1936-1939 = Arab revolt
Jewish population formed Haganah (the defence)
1940 Jewish terriorist unit The Stern Gang was formed
Form 1945- open conflict between the two groups as well as regualr attacks on Britain
By 1948 Britain having to maintain 100,000 men in Palestine to keep order and in the same year withdrew after giving the mandate to the UN
By 1948 how many men were required to keep order in Palestine?
100,000
