Relations between greek states 479-446 Flashcards
Factors in relationships between greek states
Attitudes to Persia
Fear of Persia
Athens and Sparta
Attitudes to Sparta
Fear of Athens
Athens’ want for power
Athens and Corinth
Persia - battles and events
- Initial fear diminshed by victories at
i. Eion - destroying a supply depot - 476
ii. Eurymedon - destroyed the persian fleet of 200 triremes there -468
Losing in Egypt - revolt T.109 - 460-454
Peace with Persia
Peace of Callias 449
Omission in Thucydides
H 7.151 Peace trhough allying with Argos (Athenians and Argives present - renewing prior friendship) - 448
Plutarch Cimon 13.4-5 - 3 accounts
- Tradition - Persians humiliated so do keep away from Greek territory
- Kallisthenes - 4th century - no formal treaty - but do not engage due to their fear of defeat
- Kateros (3rd century decree collection) - copy of the treaty)
Diodorus 12.2.1 - 450bc
‘An agreement was made between the Athenian and their allies and the Persians about peace’
- Outlines conditions - No persian satraps within 3 days journey to coast
No long ship west of Phaselis and Kynaean rocks
Harpokration - Attican Grammar
No ‘the treaty with the Persians is a fake, being written up not in the Attic but in the ionic’
Acc. Theopompus (fourth century historian)
Fear of Persia
- A levy on all the cities according to their means for the war which they suspected would come from Persia’ (Diodoros, 11.47.1).
- Bradley - league brining peace, protection, dmocracy and prosperity
Athens and Sparta - positive
- ‘Spartan feeling was at that time very friendly towards Athens’ due to success in war(T 1.92)
- satisfied of the competency of the Athenians for the position, and of their friendship at the time towards themselves.’(T 1.95)
- with revolt - Spartans ‘appealed for help to their allies, including Athens’(T 1.102) and Athens accepts
Athens and Sparta - negative early on
- ‘Spartans had not got their way and secretly felt aggrieved’(T 1.92)
- Athens builds long walls 478 - preparation for war
- Thasians ‘appealed to Sparta and urged her to come to their help…[Sparta] promised to do so’ (T 1.101)
Athens and Sparta - negative - revolt
- ‘first open quarrel between the Lacedaemonians and Athenians arose out of this expedition’ (102),
- Spartans ‘grew afraid…of the athenians; they reflected, too that…they might…become the sponsors of some revolutionary policy’ (102).
- Athenians ‘deeply offended’ by this, insult that the Spartans would accuse them
- ‘conscious of having done nothing to merit such treatment from the Lacedaemonians’(102). (465/4)
Athens and Sparta - open battle
- Ending with Athens denouncing treaty
- Athenians ‘allied themselves with Sparta’s enemy Argos’ and with ‘the Thessalians’(102)
- 457 - Defeat at Tanagra but won in battle of Oenophyta - getting Phocis and Locris
- Attack on Peloponnese - ‘burnt the arsenal of Lacedaemon’ in revenge T.108
- Sparta invades Attica (446) - then retreats
Attitudes to Sparta
- T 1.95 states wanted to be under Athens’ wing to leave pausanias’ control
- Plutarch Aristeides 23 - Greeks trying to persuade Aristeides to take command
- Megara ‘abandoning her alliance with Sparta’ as Corinth was attacking her’ and allying with Athens (T.103)
Athens and Sparta - peace
- 445 - 30 year truce between Athens and Sparta and allies. Athens returned Nisaea, Pegae, Troezen and Achaea to Peloponnesians
- Pericles paying Sparta for time to prepare for war ‘Pericles had ten talents sent annually to Sparta…in this way he deferred the war, not purchasing peace but time’ (Plutarch , Pericles 23.1)
Athens and Corinth/Peloponnese battles of 460
- 460 - Megara joins Athenian alliance(103), Corinth hates Athens for it (bitter hatred)
- Battle of Haliae - Corinth victory (460) (t 105)
- Battle of Cecryphalia - Athens naval victory (T 105)
- 460 - Corinth invades Megara as Athens distracted - still defeated (T 105
- But Corinth chased down - slaughtered in a ditch (T.106)
Athens and Corinth/Peloponnese battles later
- 5y truce between Athens and Peloponnese (451 - T says 457)
(446) Megara - t.114 - Corinth joins Megara in revolt
Fear of Athens (479-466) battles
- Carystos - ‘war with Carystos’ (1.98)
- Scyros - ‘enslaved the inhabitants’ (t.98) (474)
- Naxos - leaves league (against consitution) (469) - besieged by Athens
- An allied city lost its independence, and the process was continued in the cases of the other allies as various circumstances arose’ (T 1.98)
Fear of Athens - state of the league
- Athenians ‘made themselves unpopular by bringing the severest pressure to bear on allies who were not used to making sacrifices’ (T 1.99).
- Plutarch (Kimon 11) ‘they failed to realise that they were turning themselves into subjects and slaves’ - (‘Instead of producing ships, they were to pay a corresponding sum of money’, T 1.99).
Fear of Athens (Thasos)
- After Thasos revolt in 465 - crippled - defences and military dismantled
‘pay and indemnity immediately and to pay tribute in future; they surrendered their rights on the mainland and also their mine there’ (T 1.101)’
