reinforcement - cc1 Flashcards
Which kind of quality control involves the analyses of control samples together with patient’s specimens
Intralab/Internal quality control
Type of variation that present in all measurements due to chance and can be both positive or negative
Random
Systematic errors are due to
Improper calibration, expired reagents and test solutions
Delta check refers to
Comparison of patient’s previous result for discrepancy
Analytical testing performed outside the laboratory
Point of care or decentralized or bedside or alternate site testing
Types of discreet analyzers
Vitros, dimension
What analytes are increased in alcoholism
GGT, triglycerides, urates and others
Which anticoagulant has EDTA
Pink, tan, white
Insulin promotes
Lipogenesis, glycolysis, glycogenesis
Diabetes mellitus is diagnostic in
Random plasma glucose 250mg/dL and symptoms
Most common glycogen storage disease
Von gierke ; type 1a ; deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate
Type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia
Increased triglycerides and chylomicrons
B-Y bridging
Hepatic cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome
Decreased albumin, increased a2macroglobulin
Analyte tested for hepatic failure and Reye’s syndrome
Ammonia
What are the conditions associated in LD flipped pattern
Myocardial infarction, hemolytic anemia, renal infarction
First enzyme to increase in Myocardial infarction
CKMB
First cardiac marker to increase in Myocardial infarction
Myoglobin
Most specific marker for Myocardial infarction
Troponin I
Most specific substrate for Acid phosphatase ACP
Thymolpthalein monophosphate
Primary hypogonadism
Decreased testosterone, increased FSH and LH
Secondary hypogonadism
Decreased testosterone, FSH, LH
Primary hyperthyroidism
Decreased TSH, increased T3 and T4
Thyrotoxicosis
Plummer’s disease
Thyrotoxicosis
Decreased TSH, normal FT4, increased FT3 and T3
Secondary hyperthyroidism
Increased TSH and FT4
Primary hypothyroidism
Increased TSH, decreased T3 and T4
Secondary hypothyroidism
Pituitary: Decreased TSH, T3, T4
Tertiary hypothyroidism
Hypothalamus: Decreased TRH, TSH, T3, T4
X-axis values are
Horizontal and independent
Number of hours fasting is part of
Patient preparation
Westgard rules: 1 2s is used for
Rejection and warning
Visible light spectrum measures
400-700nm
Major lipoproteins
Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL
Reference method for lipoprotein analysis
Ultracentrifugation, potassium bromide, 1.065spgr, Svedberg unit
Electrophoretic pattern: a1 band
AAT, AAG TBG, HDL, Gc-globulin, AFP, A1-x
Electrophoretic pattern: a2 band
a2macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobulin
Electrophoretic pattern: B band
Hemopexin, LDL, complement, transferrin, B2microglobulin, fibrinogen
Electrophoretic pattern: Y band
Immunoglobulin, CRP
What is the CKMB pattern for myocardial infarction
Increased 4-8, peak 12-24, normal 48-72 hours
What is the enzymatic nature of CK
Transferase
Enzymes with enzymatic nature of Oxidoreductase
LDH, G6PD, MDH
Enzymes with enzymatic nature of Hydrolase
ACP, ALP, LPS, Trypsin, Pepsin
Enzymes with enzymatic nature of Lyase
Aldolase, Glutamate decarboxylase, Tryptophan decarboxylase
Conversion factors: Uric acid
0.0595
Conversion factors: Creatinine
88.4
Conversion factors: Glucose
0.0555
Conversion factors: IgM
10
Trough is being measured by
Blood drawn immediately or 30 minutes before drug administration
Newborn screening uses this specimen
Blood spot
Classification of azotemia
Pre-renal, renal, post-renal
What is the normal BUN:Crea ratio
10-20:1