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Aviation > Regulations > Flashcards

Regulations Flashcards

0
Q

Currency requirements

A

1) biennial flight review
2) 3 TO/L in 90 days
3) at least 6 approach in 6 months
holding
intercepting a course

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1
Q

Conditions that require IFR rating

A

Wx less than VFR
Class A
Comm rating with passengers at night or >50 miles
SVFR at night

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2
Q

IFR Equipment requirement (11)

A

All VFR night/day plus
GRABCARDD

G: generator (electrical power)
R: radio
A: altimeter
B: ball
C: clock with second hand
A: attitude indicator
R: rate of turn (turn coordinator)
D: directional gyro
D: DME (or GPS)
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3
Q

Oxygen requirments

A

> 12500 (MSL) for >30min
all times if >14000
all passengers if >15000

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4
Q

Class E floors
airway
airport with IAP

A

airway - 1200 MSL

airport - 700 MSL

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5
Q

scan technique

A

view in 10deg intervals for several seconds

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6
Q

IFR mountain/normal min distances

A

at least 2000 feet within 4 miles of mountain

nonmountainous: at least 1000 above highest obsticle

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7
Q

Loss communication ROUTE and ALTITUDE

A 
Route
A assigned
V vectored
E expected
F filed

Highest of:
A assigned
M min altitude
E xpected

If in a hold, leave at the EFC time (Expect Further Clearance)

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8
Q

Fuel requirement for IFR

A

If alternate is required: to alternate airport + 45 minutes

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9
Q

When is alternate airport required?

A

123 Rule
1 hour before/after ETA, predicted IFR at destination airport
2000 feet ceiling
3 mile vis

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10
Q

What Wx is required to list an alternate airport?

A

If precision approach, 600 foot ceiling and 2 mile vis

If nonprec, 800 and 2 miles

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11
Q

Cruise clarence

A

you can fly any altitude between IFR min to alt in clarence.

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12
Q

If flying VFR-on-Top, you must fly what alt and follow what regs

A

VFR altitudes and both IFR/VFR regs

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13
Q

MEA, MRA, MCA, MOCA, MSA

A

MEA: Min enroute alt with signal coverage and ob clearance
MRA: Min reception alt
MCA: Min clarence alt
MOCA: Min obstruction clearance alt: ob clearance and sig with 22 miles of VOR
MSA: min sector alt : lowest alt to be used in an emergency. (CT only has these data)

all have normal obsticle/terrain clearance (1000/2000)

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14
Q

Land and Hold Short

A

landing and holding at some point other than runway or taxiway
pilot may accept or decline
airport specific procedures
pilot should know runway length, slope, etc

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15
Q

When vectored for an ILS, when can you start decent form assigned altitude?

A

At IAP or when established on any published segment

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16
Q

what is vert decent speed if GS=90, 3 miles to point, and 400 feet

A 
Distx60/GS = 180/90= 2 min
400/2 = 200 ft/min
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17
Q

Visual approach requirements?

A

vis=3, ceiling is >500 foot above vectoring alt
pilot has airport or aircraft in sight
stay in VFR condition
may be assigned

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18
Q

What if one component of ILS (airport) in ususable?

What substitution for ILS glide slope is not working?

A

Use the highest min required by the component

Use LOC

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19
Q

What docs must be on the airplane?

A 
ARROW
A: Airworthiness cert
R: Registration
R: Radio license (international)
O: owner's manual (POH)
W: Wt & balance
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20
Q

Types of NOTAMs

A

(D) - distant, wide dissemination - nav items, airport info
(L) - local, taxiway closures, etc.
FDC - regulatory type, eg TRFs, amendments to Inst Approch Proc

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21
Q

Mins for IFR takeoff?

What’s best practice?

A

Part 91: None
Part 121 (comm, for hire): 1 mile = 1 engine
Good practice: use approach mins, or VFR mins (1000/3)

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22
Q

Two types of departure procedures?

A

1) Obstacle: in the chart book, flown with a clearance

2) SIDs (Standard Inst Departures): requires ATC clearance (and you are not required to accept)

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23
Q

Criteria for obstruction clearance during departure?

A

1) > 35 feet at the end of runway
2) > 400 feet before turn
3) > 200 feet per naut mile climb

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24
Q

Nonstandard takeoff mins depicted by?
What if 300 ft/NM required and your GS=100?

What is the black triangle with an “A”?

A

T in black triangle
GS/60 x FPM
100/60 x 300 = 1.6 x 300 = 500 ft/min

Nonstandard IFR mins exist. (If “NA” appears also, then alt mins are not authorized)

25
Q

When is Mode C required?

A
  1. > 10, 000 feet
  2. with 30 miles of Class B
  3. In Class C
  4. crossing the ADIZ
26
Q

Color of runway lights

A

white, except yellow the last 2000 feet on ILS runways.

27
Q

Touchdown zone markings?

A

one, two and three bars at 500 foot intervals.

28
Q

RWSL and clearance?

A

Runway status light system – like a traffic light system

but tower still has control

29
Q

Nautical vs statute mile?

A

A nautical mile is based on the circumference of the earth, and is equal to one minute of latitude. It is slightly more than a statute (land measured) mile (1 nautical mile = 1.1508 statute miles). Nautical miles are used for charting and navigating.

A knot is one nautical mile per hour (1 knot = 1.15 miles per hour). The term knot dates from the 17th century, when sailors measured the speed of their ship by using a device called a “common log.” This device was a coil of rope with uniformly spaced knots, attached to a piece of wood shaped like a slice of pie. The piece of wood was lowered from the back of the ship and allowed to float behind it. The line was allowed to pay out freely from the coil as the piece of wood fell behind the ship for a specific amount of time. When the specified time had passed, the line was pulled in and the number of knots on the rope between the ship and the wood were counted. The speed of the ship was said to be the number of knots counted (Bowditch, 1984).

30
Q

Options with VFR-on-Top

What altitude is flown?

A

1) To get a different altitude than assigned, if VFR conditions prevail
2) Or to climb through marine layer
3) May cancel IRF flight plan when on top
4) must fly VFR altitude and comply with VFR vis and cloud distances

31
Q

What is a “clearance limit?”

A

Clearance to a fix, additional long-range clearance is obtained later from center

32
Q

If comm failure, you should leave fix at:

A

1) the EFC time (Expect Further Clearance)

2) the time filed on flight plan

33
Q

What if complete electrical failure?

A

Proceed VFR and land at nearest VFR airport.

34
Q

Class E airspace heights
in general
at airport with IAP
federal airway

A

begins at 14,500
if airport has IAP, then 700 AGL
if federal airway, 1200

35
Q

STAR stand for?

must you accept?

A

Standard Terminal Arrival Route

no, you can write No STAR on flight plan in remarks

36
Q

What are IRF separation minimums?

A

3 miles with 40 miles of radar antenna

5 miles if > 40 miles from antenna

37
Q

What is MVA?

A

Minimum vectoring altitude: the lowest altitude you will be vectored. Not shown on charts (only available to controller)

38
Q

“cleared for the visual (approach)” means
must have what in sight?
must have what Wx?

A

must have airport or plane in front of you in sight
VFR (1000/3)
must be on IFR flight plan
no missed approach point

39
Q

contact approach
air traffic must provide?
clouds? vis?
how do you get? why?

A

ATC authorization
clear of cloud and 1 mile vis
must be requested, allows you to deviate from IAP

40
Q

what is a VDP, VDA?

A

1) Visual decent point: on a nonprecision, straight-in, similar to the MDA (must still see airport env), shown with a V on the chart, to prevent premature decent
2) VDA: Visual Decent Angle: similar to a GS, for nonprecision approaches. Allows pilots to compute target rate of decent when they know GS.

41
Q

LDA vs SDF

A

SDF (simplified directional facility)
similar to ILS, but offset from runway

LDA (localizer directional aid)
accuracy of localizer, but not ILS
not aligned with runway
more precise than SDF

42
Q

What restrictions apply to alt airport if using GPS

A

The alt airport must have non-GPS instrument app procedure.

43
Q

What are APV appraoches?

A

Approach with Vertical Guidance: do not meet requirements for precision approach, but include LNAV/VNAV and Baro-VNAV procedures.

44
Q

Describe a LPV approach?

A

LPV: Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance, a WAAS procedure with lower mins (eg, 200’, 1/2)

45
Q

When can you go below the MDA in a circle to land approach?

three conditions

A

1) aircraft is continuously in position to make a normal landing
2) vis is within limits
3) runway environment is in sight

46
Q

How are aircraft catagories determined?

A

1.3 x Vso

eg Cat B is 91-121 knots

47
Q

How is the MAP determined for a nonprec approach?

A

Either by timing or via GPS

48
Q

Do you need to close flight plan if you land at a towered airport?

A

No, they close it. Only when you land at a nontowered airport.

49
Q

If approach has a letter A, what does this mean?

A

eg VOR DME A: means that it does not have a straight in

50
Q

Position reports contain?

A 
IPTAEN
I = identity
P = position
T = time (zulu)
A = alt
E = ETA
N = next fix
expect \_\_\_ @ \_\_\_ Zulu
next fix \_\_\_\_
51
Q

Reports required to ATC, all times

A 
STALLMUUVA
S = safety of flight
T = time & alt when reaching a holding fix
A = airspd diff 10 kts or 5% WIG
L = leaving a holding fix
L = loss of nav equip
M = missed approach
U = unable to climb/decent at 500FPM
U = unforcast Wx
V = vacating an assigned alt
A = alt change for VFR-on-top
52
Q

Reports required when not radar contact (eg. Gulf of Mexico)

A

FEO

  1. E - Revised ETA > 3 min
  2. O - Prec App - OM
  3. F - Non Prec App - FAF inbound
53
Q 
Air space - VIS and cloud dist
B
C
D
E
G
A

B - 3 & c/c
C - 3 & 125 (1000 above/2000 side/500 below)
D - same as C
E - same as C (except > 10K, 5 &111 [1000 above/below, 1 mile side])

G 1200 MSL & 1200 & >10K AGL: 5 miles & 111

54
Q

Basic VFR, Special VFR

vis & ceilings

A

basic: 1000 & 3
special: c/c & 1

55
Q

Contact approach requirements?

A

must request
must be on IAP
at least 1 mile & c/c (same as SVFR)

56
Q

Airworthiness - equipment checks

A 
A1TAPE
Annual
100 hour (if for hire)
Transponder (24 months)
Altimeter (24 months, IFR only)
Pitot/static - same alt
ELT (battery-as reqd, device - 12 months)
VOR - 30 days
57
Q

Inoperative equipment (4 choices)

A

1) MEL - min equip list (if listed, gives you the options, comm planes)
2) Mark as INOP and deactive
3) Mark as INOP and remove (may affect W&B)
4) Ferry permit*: get permiss for FISDO

  • only 4 can be used if it required equipment
58
Q

Special VFR is?

A
  • Wx is below VRF mins
  • requires ATC clearance for most controlled airports
  • 1 mile VIS & clear of clouds
  • at night, requires instrument rating
59
Q

WAAS alt airport requirement?

A

for planning, must be based nonprec LNAV. then you can use any available.

60
Q

Alt take off mins (black triangle)

A

take off min are non standand (diff from 200 ft/NM)

part 91 is 0/0 (comm has other requirements)

Aviation (4 decks)

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