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Regulations Flashcards

1
Q

Can a SIC with less than 75 hrs in type conduct eligible on demand operations?

A

Yes, as long as the PIC has 75 hrs in type and the SIC has at least 500 hrs total time.

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2
Q

What limitations are there on SIC conducting landing during eligible on demand operations?

A

If the SIC has less than 100 hrs in type, the PIC has to make all TO&L when:
1. Destination airport analysis is required
2. Visibility <3/4 SM
3. RVR <4,000 feet
4. Contaminated runway - water, snow, slush, etc
5. Breaking action < Good
6. Crosswind >15 kts
7. Windshear reported
8. Any other condition the PIC deems necessary

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3
Q

If you exercise your authority to deviate from a regulation in response to an emergency, do you have to report your actions?

A

Yes, under 135 you have 10 business days to file a written report with the airlines FSDO.

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4
Q

How long are W&B sheets kept at company HQ?

A

30 days

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5
Q

If you are flying an ILS approach and the GS goes out, do you have to report it?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What materials are you required to have accessible to you in the aircraft at your pilot station?

A

Cockpit checklist, Emergency cockpit checklist, Pertinent aeronautical charts, for multi-engine aircraft - one engine operating climb performance data.

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7
Q

Explain the concept of a sterile cockpit

A

No nonessential activities during critical phases of flight, ground operations, taxi, takeoff, landing, and all flight below 10,000’ (except for cruise flight).

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8
Q

Can you swap who is PIC?

A

No

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9
Q

When do you have to brief your passengers?

A

Prior to takeoff, PIC shall ensure all passengers have been briefed.

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10
Q

What items must be in the passenger brief?

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Use of safety belts
  3. Seats backs upright for TO&L
  4. Operation of exits and emergency exits
  5. Location of survival equipment
  6. For extended overwater operations - ditching procedures and flotation equipment
  7. For flights over 12,000’ MSL - normal and emergency use of O2
  8. Location of fire extinguishers
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11
Q

Are lap children allowed?

A

Yes, must be under 2 yrs old

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12
Q

When are passengers required to be in their seats?

A

Movement on the surface, taxi, TO&L

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13
Q

Are you allowed to operate any electronic devices in flight?

A

Yes, only the following:
1. Portable voice recorders
2. hearing aids
3. heart pacemakers
4. electronic shavers
5. any other device approved by the certificate holder

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14
Q

When do you have to have a cockpit voice recorder?

A

Multiengine, turbine-powered, 2 pilots required by certification or operating rules, 6 or more passenger seats

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15
Q

When do you have to have a terrain awareness and warning system?

A

turbine powered, 6-9 passenger - class B TWAS
turbine powered, >9 passenger - class A TWAS

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16
Q

When do you have to wear your shoulder harness?

A

TO&L unless it interferes with a crew member duty

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17
Q

Can you depart with your airborne radar inop?

A

Yes, check with the MEL

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18
Q

How often do you have to weigh the aircraft?

A

36 months

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19
Q

Can you use your own personal observations of the weather if an airport does not have weather reporting?

A

Yes, if you are operating VFR

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20
Q

Can you takeoff from an airport with weather below the landing minimums? Anything extra required?

A

(OpSpec C057) If standard takeoff min apply, then you use the lowest landing min instead.
(OpSpec C079) If C057 applies, then you can go even lower, possibly down to 600 RVR.
135.217 - must have an alternate airport within 1 hr flight time of your departure airport (TO alternate).

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21
Q

How much fuel are you required to have to takeoff?

A

Enough to fly to your destination, then to an alternate (if required), and then for 45 minutes at normal cruise.

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22
Q

When are you required to have an alternate?

A

Destination has an instrument approach, from 1 hr before and 1 hr after your ETA:
1. Ceiling is 1,500’ above the lowest circling minima OR
2. if no circling approaches are authorized, 1,500 above the lowest published minima OR 2,000’ whichever is higher.
3. Visibility is 3 SM or 2 SM more than the lowest applicable minima for the approach to be used.

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23
Q

Can you begin an approach if the weather is below the minimums for that approach?

A

Yes, to begin an approach the weather has to be above the minimums for the airport, not necessarily the approach to be used.
NOTE - Accepting vectors for an approach does constitute beginning an approach.

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24
Q

Can you complete an approach if the weather is below the minimums for that approach?

A

Yes, if you are past FAF, otherwise you cannot continue the approach past the FAF.

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25
Q

If takeoff mins are published that are higher than standard, can you lower mins?

A

NO, must use the published part 97 mins. OpSpec C057 and C079 are of no help

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26
Q

How many hours are you allowed to fly in a day?

A

10 hrs for 2 crew members, 8 hrs for single pilot

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27
Q

Are you allowed to exceed 10 hrs of flight time for a 2 pilot crew?

A

Yes, if the flight was planned to be less than 10 hrs, and events beyond the control of the certificate holder result in the extra time.

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28
Q

If you do exceed your flight time limitations, are there any consequences?

A

Yes, your next rest period must be extended to:
11 hrs for < 30 min flight time over the limit
12 hrs for >30 min but <60 min over the limit
16 hrs for > 60 min over the limit

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29
Q

How many hours can you fly in a year?

A

1,400 hrs of commercial time

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30
Q

How many hours can you fly in a quarter?

A

no more than 500 hrs of commercial time

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31
Q

How many hours can you fly in 2 consecutive quarters?

A

800 hrs

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32
Q

How many days off (at least 24 hrs) are you required to take?

A

13 per quarter

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33
Q

What constitutes an aircraft accident?

A

Any person suffers death, serious injury, or the aircraft suffers substantial damage, from when someone boards the aircraft with intent of flight till the last person disembarks.

34
Q

What constitutes an aircraft incident?

A

An occurrence other than an accident which could affect the safety of operations.

35
Q

What constitutes a serious injury?

A

Any injury which:
1. Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hrs
2. Results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures or fingers, toes, or nose)
3. Causes severe hemorrhages, nerve, muscle, or tendon damage
4. Involves any internal organ
5. Second or third-degree burns or any burns affecting more than 5% of the body.

36
Q

What constitutes substantial damage?

A

Damage or failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft, which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component.

37
Q

What is the lowest minimums we can go to for takeoff?

A

1800’ RVR and 200’ ceilings

38
Q

What runway equipment must we have to use 1,800’ RVR?

A

Precision runway markings and/or Centerline runway lights

39
Q

What are standard IFR takeoff minimums?

A

1 SM or 5000’ RVR for aircraft having 2 engines or less.

40
Q

To use an airport in class G airspace, what is required?

A

Must have an instrument approach procedure
Approved weather source
A means for acquiring traffic advisories
Facilities and services to conduct IFR operations.

41
Q

To use lower than standard takeoff mins, what is required?

A

TDZ - 600’ / MID - 600’ / RO - 600’ AND HIRL AND CL lights

42
Q

Are high minimum captains allowed to use lower than standard takeoffs?

A

NO

43
Q

Are first officers allowed to land on runways less than 5,000’ when wet?

A

NO

44
Q

Can the onboard database be outdated? How long?

A

Yes, up to 10 days for domestic operations

45
Q

What equipment is required to be on board and working to operate in RVSM airspace?

A

In order to operate within RVSM / DRVSM airspace, the following conditions must be met:
1) The aircraft is RVSM approved and annotated on the appropriate Operations Specifications.
2) The aircrew is trained and certified for RVSM operations.
3) The aircraft equipment required for RVSM operations is installed and operational. The minimum equipment is as follows:
a) Two independent altitude measuring systems
b) Static source ice protection
c) Altitude reporting transponder
d) An altitude alert system
e) An automatic altitude control system (autopilot ALT)

46
Q

How often do you reset a tripped circuit breaker in our aircraft?

A

Do not reset, only exception is when a checklist, AFM, or Supplement requires you to do so.

47
Q

What are our approved weather sources?

A

Sources approved by the NWS include the following:
1. NWS Field Facilities.
2. Flight Service Stations (FSS).
3. Supplemental Aviation Weather Reporting Stations (SWARS).
4. Limited Aviation Weather Reporting Stations (LAWRS).
5. Those sources listed in EXCLUSIVE JETS LLC. Ops Spec A010.
6. Automated Surface Observations (See notes 1, 2, 3, and 4).
7.Any meteorological office operated by a foreign state that subscribes to ICAO standards and practices.
8. Any U.S. Military weather reporting source.
9. The qualified Internet communications providers (QICPs) listed in Operations Specifications A010-1.

48
Q

What limits are applied to circling approaches?

A

Must add 100’ and 1/2 SM to all circling approaches.

49
Q

What operations are allowed under part 91?

A

The following categories of flights will be considered as Part 91 operations:
a. Test Flights;
b. Training Flights;
c. Ferry Flights-(maintenance only)
d. Positioning Flights.
e. Those Flights conducted solely for the owner of the aircraft.

50
Q

What is the Accelerate Stop Distance Available (ASDA)

A

Runway length plus stopway length (if present) that is suitable for use by an airplane aborting a takeoff. ASDA could be reduced if there are obstacles off the departure end that would conflict with the runway safety area.

51
Q

What is the Takeoff Run Available (TORA)

A

Runway length declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane taking off. Generally, this is the length of the pavement, although it could be less to satisfy runway protection zone requirements for obstacle clearance.

52
Q

What is the Takeoff Distance Available (TODA)

A

The length of the takeoff runway available plus the length of the clearway, if provided. TODA will generally be equal to or greater than TORA.

53
Q

What is a stopway?

A

A stopway is a defined rectangular area beyond the end of the runway prepared or suitable for use in lieu of runway to support an airplane without causing structural damage to the airplane during an aborted takeoff. A stopway is included in the ASDA declared distance for a runway.

54
Q

What is Landing Distance Available (LDA)

A

The length of runway available for the ground run of an airplane for landing.

55
Q

What is a displaced threshold?

A

A threshold located at a point on the runway other than the designated beginning of the runway. Displacement of a threshold reduces the length of runway available for landings.

56
Q

What is the One-engine inoperative (OEI) takeoff continued (accelerate-go)?

A

This is the takeoff distance with a failed engine to include an initial climb to 35’ if the runway is dry, or 15’ if the runway is wet,

57
Q

What is the All-engine operating takeoff distance?

A

This is the 115% of the take off distance to include an initial climb to 35’ if the runway is dry

58
Q

Describe the first segment climb?

A

This is a takeoff to include an engine failure and ends with the landing gear retracted.

59
Q

Describe the second segment climb?

A

Second segment is climbing OEI at V2 from gear retraction until the aircraft’s published level off (acceleration) height, not less than 400 feet.

60
Q

Describe the third segment climb?

A

The third (transition) segment is not really a climb segment as this is where the aircraft is leveled off and accelerated through the takeoff flap/slat retraction speed.

At the end of the third segment is where you reduce from takeoff power to maximum continuous thrust.

The third segment acceleration height is no lower than 400 feet, but can be as high at 1500 feet.

61
Q

Describe the fourth or final segment climb?

A

This begins once you have accelerated to the final segment climb speed (VFTO) and ends at 1500 feet AGL (minimum).

62
Q

What is an approach climb?

A

Approach Climb is the FAA’s certification terminology for a missed approach after an engine failure.
During certification under FAR Part 25, aircraft must demonstrate the ability to meet a minimum net climb gradient (2.1% for a twin engine airplane; 2.4% for a three engine airplane) approach climb performance. That profile follows:
One engine inoperative
Landing gear up
Flaps/slats in approach configuration

63
Q

What is a landing climb?

A

The profile assumptions are all engines running, gear down, and flaps/slats in landing configuration.
As with the other certification tests, the manufacturer must publish data demonstrating the conditions under which the aircraft can meet at least, for Landing Climb, a 3.2% climb gradient.

64
Q

Describe the 60% rule for a dry runway

A

This requires that preflight planning shows that you can land within 60% of the LDA. This can be based on the following:
1. Using the most favorable runway in calm winds
2. Using the most probable runway based on predicted winds and the aircraft’s ground handling characteristics.

65
Q

Describe the 60% rule for a wet runway

A

This requires that whenever the destination runway is forecast to be wet or slippery at the time of arrival, 15% will be added to the required effective length for landing on a dry runway for preflight planning purposes.
You must also add 15% to the 135 landing distance calculation when the visibility is less than 3/4 mile or RVR 4000 (required by Ops Spec C054).

66
Q

Describe Eligible on Demand Operations (EODO)

A

FAR 135.4 defines a type of operator known as an Eligible on Demand Operation (EODO). An EODO may depart for and begin an instrument approach at an airport without approved weather reporting and use an 80% factor for landing performance instead of 60%.
Following are the four requirements to be eligible to use EODO:
1. Two-pilot crew
2. Minimum flight crew experience
3. Pilot operating limitations
4. Crew pairing

67
Q

Describe the Destination Airport Analysis Program (DAAP)

A

DAAP allows approved operators to increase the landing requirement to 80% of the available runway, as long as certain specific requirements are met. Using DAAP allows operators to access many of the smaller airports frequented by private aircraft and ensures that they are doing so in a safe manner.

68
Q

Describe the restrictions with the Destination Airport Analysis Program (DAAP)

A

The following restrictions apply according to the Exclusive Jets GOM:
1. A PIC qualified crewmember will make the landing
2. If at the ETA at the destination the runway surface is expected to be contaminated, the runway length must be at least 115% of the minimum runway required for a normal factored landing using the 60% rule.
3. After reviewing all conditions, the PIC must determine the operation to be SAFE.

69
Q

Can we use the Destination Airport Analysis Program (DAAP) with inoperative equipment?

A

Exclusive Jets will not utilize the privileges of the Destination Airport Analysis procedure should the aircraft have the following systems deferred per the FAA approved Minimum Equipment List:
Anti-Skid System
Thrust Reverse System
Spoiler/Ground Spoiler System
Flap System
Any other system that could have a detrimental effect on the associated aircraft’s ability to stop on landing rollout.

70
Q

When is an alternate NOT required?

A

When weather is above the modified 1-2-3 rule.

71
Q

How often do pilots have to wear the oxygen mask?

A
  1. Quick donning type mask above FL250
  2. When 1 crew member leaves the flight deck above FL250, and use oxygen till the crew member returns.
  3. Whenever a flight is operated above FL350, at least one crew member shall be wearing a mask.
72
Q

What section of the Ops spec will you find the authorized regions we operate in?

A

Section B

73
Q

What section of the Ops spec will you find the authorized approaches we can use?

A

Section C

74
Q

If the PIC decides to take off VFR while trying to get the IFR clearance, what should they do?

A

Maintain VFR and get the clearance before they get 50 miles away.

75
Q

What represents the mature stage of a thunderstorm?

A

Falling precipitation

76
Q

What are the pilot response times with standby duty assignment?

A

90 min standard (60 min short call)

77
Q

What is the policy regarding circling approaches?

A
  1. No circling approaches to uncontrolled airports during the day.
  2. Circling approaches to towered class D airport are allowed at night.
  3. Must add 100’ and 1/2 SM visibility.
78
Q

What weights do we use for our passengers?

A

Solicited and add 10 lbs. Use judgement

79
Q

What is a stabilized approach?

A
  1. aircraft on the correct flight path
  2. Only small changes are needed to maintain the flight path
  3. The aircraft speed is not more than Vref +20, and not less than Vref.
  4. In the proper configuration for landing
  5. Sink rate is less than 1,000 fpm
  6. Power setting is appropriate per the AFM
  7. All briefings and checklists are completed
  8. ILS approaches within 1 dot, and wings level by 300’ AGL
  9. Abnormal approaches require a special briefing.
80
Q

Can we do Eligible On Demand (EOD) operations?

A

Yes, with the exception of high minimums captains

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