Regulation Transcription/translation Flashcards
What does the enzyme cut at the beginning of the siRNA process?
Cuts large double stranded molecules of RNA into smaller sections called siRNA
What are small double-stranded sections of RNA called?
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)
What does an enzyme now combine with in the 2nd stage of siRNA?
One of the two siRNA strands
What does the siRNA molecule guide the enzyme to?
A MRNA molecule by pairing up with part of it where there are complementary bases
What does the enzyme cut once in position on the MRNA?
What does this result in?
Enzyme cuts MRNA into smaller sections by cutting the complementary section out.
The MRNA is no longer able to be translated into a polypeptide meaning the gene cannot be expressed
What 2 scientific potentials do siRNA have?
- used to identify role of a gene, some siRNA could be added blocking that gene then observe the effects this has
- some diseases caused by genes, use siRNA to block therefore prevent disease
What are transcriptional factors?
Specific Molecules that move from the cytoplasm into the nucleus
Why can Oestroen easily diffuse through the phospholipid portion of cell surface membranes?
As its a lipid soluble molecule
Once inside the cytoplasm of a cell what does oestrogen combine with?
What allows them to combine?
- Combines with a site on the receptor molecule of the transcriptional factor
- Shape of the site and oestrogen molecule complement one another
What does the combining of oestrogen and receptor site cause?
Oestrogen changes shape of the receptor molecule, this shape releases the inhibitor molecule from the DNA binding site on the transcriptional factor
The transcriptional factor can now enter the nucleus through what? To combine with what?
Nuclear pore to combine with DNA
What does the combination of the transcriptional factor with DNA stimulate?
Stimulates transcription of the gene that’s makes up the portion of the DNA
