regulation of transcription and translation

Question 1

what is transcriptional factor

Answer 1

a protein that controls the transcription of genes so that only certain parts of the DNA are expressed

Question 2

how do transcriptional factors work

Answer 2

• move from cytoplasm into nucleus
• bind to promotor region of target gene
• makes it easier or more difficult for RNA polymerase to bind to gene
  -this increases or decreases rate of transcription

Question 3

name of hormone that affects transcription

Answer 3

steroid hormone oestrogen

Question 4

how does oestrogen affect transcription

Answer 4

• steroid hormone oestrogen diffuses through cell membrane
• binds to receptor site of TF
• causing TF to change shape
• making it complementary and able to bind to the DNA
• initiating transcription, stimulates RNA polymerase