Regulation of Total Body Energy Flashcards
High plasma concentrations of cholesterol is called:
Atherosclerosis
What are 2 major sources of cholesterol?
- Dietary (animal)
2. Synthesis by cells
Which cells produce most of the cholesterol?
Cells in liver and GI tract
Some of the cholesterol is absorbed by the ________ and EXCRETED IN BILE.
Liver
Much of the cholesterol absorbed by the liver is metabolized into ________.
Bile salts
Synthesis of cholesterol in the liver is INHIBITED by:
HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitors (statins)
Plasma cholesterol is transported in:
Lipoproteins
Cholesterol is important in the production of:
plasma membranes, bile salts, steroid hormones
What effect does dietary SATURATED fatty acids have on cholesterol levels?
INCREASE
What effects do UNSATURATED fatty acids have on cholesterol levels?
DECREASE
Which lipoprotein is responsible for the RECYCLING of cholesterol by bringing it back to the liver?
HDL
Which lipoproteins CARRIES cholesterol TO CELLs?
LDL
What ratio is the best indicator for heart disease?
LDL:HDL
Lipoprotein binding with receptors on PM initiates which process?
ENDOCYTOSIS into the liver cell
Once the lipoprotein is intracellular what Digests the LDL into free cholesterol?
Lysosomes
Free cholesterol is released back into the blood circulation where it is hopefully captured by what to be recycled?
HDL
What effect does CIGARETTE smoking have on HDL levels?
DECREASE
Weight reduction and exercise have what effect on HDL levels?
INCREASE
ESTROGEN has what effect on LDL and HDL levels?
DECREASE LDL, INCREASE HDL
PRE-menopausal women have a ________ cholesterol level than men and POST-menopausal women
LOWER
The enzyme in the liver that synthesizes cholesterol and is the target of STATINS
HMG-CoA
A calorie is the amount of ______ needed to raise 1 gram of _____ by _____ degree C.
Heat, Water, 1