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Physiology Block III > Male Reproduction > Flashcards

Male Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 reproductive hormones are present in BOTH male and female?

A

FSH & LH

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2
Q

FOLLICLE-stimulating Hormone (FSH) does what for Ovarian FOLLICLES?

A

STIMULATES &

Nurtures

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3
Q

FSH does what for SERTOLI cells in males?

A

Nurtures sperm development

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4
Q

Lutenizing hormone (LH) does what in BOTH males and females?

A

Stimulates TESTOSTERONE production in:

  1. Leydig cells - males
  2. Thecal cells - females
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5
Q

FSH and LH are secreted by?

A

Anterior Pituitary

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6
Q

What stimulates the Anterior Pituirtary to release FSH and LH?

A

GnRH from Hypothalamus

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7
Q

T/F. Sex hormone FEEDBACK is always NEGATIVE.

A

False! Estrogen actually have a POSITIVE effect on the anterior pituitary, all other places is negative and testosterone always feedbacks negatively.

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8
Q

Main goal of FSH:

A

Gametogenesis

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9
Q

Main goal of LH:

A

Sex hormone secretion:
Females –> estrogen, progesterone, androgen precursors
Males –> testosterone

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10
Q

What is inhibin?

A

gives NEGATIVE FEEDBACK to anterior pituitary

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11
Q

Usually FSH > LH, there is one time period that LH dominates, what is it?

A

Adult Reproductive Period

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12
Q

In males, where does gametogenesis take place?

A

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES in testes

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13
Q

Which trophin stimulates Sertoli cells in Semi tubules?

A

FSH

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14
Q

Which trophin stimulates Leydig cells in semi tubules?

A

LH

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15
Q

Development of sperm proceeds from Interstitium (where blood and Leydig are) to Lumen, carried by?

A

Sertoli cells. wrap around it and secrete substances to nuture it as it developments and moves it closer and closer to the lumen

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the TIGHT JUNCTIONS in the semi tubules?

A

Is like the Blood-Brain barrier. Very 
tight control of what’s going on in luminal/central
 compartment - not effected by things in the insterstitial 
fluid (alcohol, etc), can only bring in things that we want
 to nourish sperm

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17
Q

Mitosis occurs above/below the Tight Junctions?

A

Above (BASAL compartment)

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18
Q

What is the order/terminology associated with the progression of sperm development?

A

Spermatogonia –> Primary Spermatocyte –> 2 Secondarys –> 4 Spermatids –> Spermatozoa

19
Q

Meiosis occurs in which compartment?

A

Central

20
Q

Secondary spermatocytes is the first place we see a change in chromosome number, instead of 46, each will have how many?

A

23 (still have 2 chromatids per chromosome)

21
Q

How many chromosomes and chromatids per chromosomes are present in spermatids?

A

23 : 1

22
Q

How do LEYDIG cells cross the Tight junctions?

A

they are lipid soluble - therefore NOT a barrier to testosterone

23
Q

Beside nurturing, the sertoli cells can secrete what else to help the process?

A

ABP - androgen binding proteins - helps capture testosterone and holds it close

24
Q

Tip of the developed sperm is called what? and what does it have?

A

Acrosome - contains enzymes for penetrating the egg

25
Q

Where is the mitochondria located in the sperm?

A

Midpiece

26
Q

What is the purpose of the tail of the sperm (flagella)?

A

Power house for motion!

27
Q

Who is in charge of QUALITY control of sperm?

A

Sertoli cells will auto digest any sperm that aren’t up to snuff!

28
Q

What type of muscle in the epididymis and vas deferens help move sperm along?

A

smooth

29
Q

T/F. Movement of sperm is BOTH passive and enhanced by smooth muscle contractions.

A

TRUE! Pressure created by continuous secretion of fluid rom Sertoli cells help

30
Q

Describe the ANS domination from rest –> erection –> ejaculation

A 
Rest = Sympathetic
Erection = Parasympathetic
Ejaculation = Sympathetic
31
Q

Pharmacotherapy for ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION would focus on

  • Sympathetic innervation
  • Parasympathetic innervation
A

PARASYMPATHETIC - need to target cGMP to get desired response. Want it to stick around longer, so inhibit the enzyme that breaks down cGMP and remain ENGORGED longer.

32
Q

NO (nitric oxide) stimulates _____ to vasoDILATE smooth muscle for erection.

A

cGMP

33
Q

The vasodilation of erection is ended by breakdown of cGMP by PDE5, which med inhibits this enzyme?

A

VIAGRA - keeps boner

34
Q

Which medication is CONTRAINDICATED with viagra?

A

Nitrates

35
Q

What other medications should be monitored with Viagra?

A

alpha-blockers for HTN

36
Q

Testosterone is important for spermatogenesis, but most tissues want to convert it to a more POTENT FORM:

A

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

37
Q

Which enzyme converts Testosterone to DHT? and which medication inhibits this enzyme?

A

5a-reductase, inhibited by Finasteride for prostate and hair loss problems

38
Q

T/F. GnRH has a pulsatile release from the HypoT

A

True - cycles every 90 minutes

39
Q

In presence of FSH and ABSENCE OF LH, would you get NORMAL sperm?

A

NO - is collaborative

40
Q

The Sertoli cells do A TON of things, can you list them all?

A
  1. Make tight Junctions
  2. Nourish developing sperm
  3. ABP
  4. Responds to T and FSH to stimulate sperm proliferation and differentiation
  5. Inhibin
  6. Phagocytize defective sperm
41
Q

T/F. 98% of circulating testosterone is bound to plasma proteins including ABP.

A

TRUE - very little is actually solubulized in plasma, only released right at target tissues and then it moves right in to it

42
Q

T/F. Androgens stimulate the synthesis of sex steroid-binding globulins (ABP)

A

False. brain can’t sense T, has no receptors for it, but does have it for ESTROGEN.

43
Q

What enzyme creates estrogen from testosterone?

A

Aromatase

44
Q

T/F. Gonads have the enzymes necessary to produce cortisol and aldosterone.

A

FALSE

Physiology Block III (8 decks)

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