Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > Regulation of Na+ Balance and ECF > Flashcards

Regulation of Na+ Balance and ECF Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of body weight is Total body water (TBW)?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ICF Volume makes up what fraction of TBW?

A

2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ECF Volume makes up what fraction of TBW?

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ECF is divided into what 2 components?

A

Plasma Volume 25%

Interstitial Fluid Volume 75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False: ICFV osmolality is always equal to ECFV osmolality.

A

TRUE- due to passive movement of H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the major cations of ICFV?

A

potassium

magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the major anions of ICFV?

A

phosphate

protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the major cation of ECFV?

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the major anions of ECFV?

A

chloride

bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What determines the size of ECFV?

A

total exchangable Na+ content (TBNa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What affect does ingestion of Na+ have on ECFV?

A

Increases TBNa which Increases osmolality of ECFV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the effect of having an increased osmolality of the ECFV?

A

increased thirst, increased water intake, and increased vasopressin release to increase renal water conservation until ECFV osmolality returns to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effect does having an increased ECFV osmolality have on the ICFV?

A

because the retention of fluid due to increased ECFV osmolality is isotonic, there is little to no change in ICFV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What effect does vomiting and diarrhea have on the ICFV and ECFV?

A

no real effect on ICFV, because there is an isotonic fluid loss (ECFV) with no change in ECFV osmolality or in the size of the ICFV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does plasma sodium concentration tell you about the size of the ECFV?

A

nothing, per se, because the concentration is determined by the ratio of TBNa to TBW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What effect does water loss (no change in TBNa) have on the ICFV and ECFV?

A

2/3 would go to ICFV

1/3 would go to ECFV

17
Q

What portion of ECFV perfuses all tissues of the body?

A

plasma volume

18
Q

True or false: decreasing 6 L of H2O will decrease ECFV way more than a 2 L loss in isotonic fluid.

A

False- these would be about the same. If H2O was lost, it would be mostly from the ICFV (2/3)

19
Q

How does one estimate of the state of ECFV and ICFV?

A

clinical criteria: H&P, urinary Na+, H2O excretion

20
Q

What are the 5 things you can obtain from a history that will allow you to estimate ECFV and ICFV?

A

1) Volume depletion (isotonic)
2) Volume loss (mainly water)
3) Isotonic volume expansion
4) Hypotonic volume expansion
5) Hypertonic volume expansion

21
Q

What can lead to isotonic volume depletion?

A

vomiting
diarrhea
poor intake
urine losses (from diuretics)

22
Q

What do isotonic losses do to TBW, ECFV, and ICFV?

A

Decrease TBW
Decrease ECFV
no change in ICFV

23
Q

What can lead to volume loss (water)?

A
  • Lack of H2O intake
  • Obligate H2O loss from urine
  • Impaired renal H2O conservation
  • Marked solute excretion
24
Q

What do water losses do to TBW, ECFV, and ICFV?

A

Decrease TBW
Decrease ECFV
Decrease ICFV

25
Q

What causes isotonic volume expansion? What specific conditions?

A

Occurs when salt and water intake exceed the ability of the kidney to excrete them

Can occur in CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, and renal failure

26
Q

Will TBNa and TBW always increase similarly in isotonic volume expansion?

A

No- they can be different leading to different effects on plasma sodium concentration

27
Q

What is hypotonic volume expansion?

A

retention of water (intake > output) with no change in TBNa

28
Q

What does hypotonic volume expansion do to TBW, ECFV, and ICFV?

A

Increase TBW
Increase ICFV
Increase ECFV
(plamsa osmolality and Na+ conc is low)

29
Q

What could cause hypertonic volume expansion?

A

RARE- a massive ingestion of Na+ without much H2O intake OR excessive administration of NaHCO3 in hospital

30
Q

What is hypertonic volume expansion?

A

an increase in TBNa with normal or slightly decreased TBW

31
Q

What does hypertonic volume expansion do to TBW, ECFV, and ICFV?

A 
Increase ECFV (increased osmolality pulls it in from ICFV)
Decrease ICFV
Unchanged TBW
32
Q

List the signs of ECFV depletion.

A 
Increased HR
Decreased BP
Orthostatic tachycardia or hypotension
Poor skin turgor
Absence of edema
33
Q

List the signs of volume expansion.

A

Edema (due to increased ISFV from ECFV)
JVD (distended neck veins)
Rales (increased fluid in lungs)
Cardiomegaly

34
Q

Describe the urine of someone with isotonic loss.

A

Urine Na+ excretion is low (Na+ retention)

Urine is concentrated (high osmolality from water reabsorption; mainly urea)

35
Q

What pathological settings could send neural and humoral signals to the kidney to retain NaCl and H2O?

A

CHF
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome

36
Q

What is neutral balance?

A

intake = output

37
Q

What is positive balance?

A

intake > output

38
Q

What is negative balance?

A

output > intake

Renal (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions