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IHO Week 2 > Regulation of Immune Response > Flashcards

Regulation of Immune Response Flashcards

1
Q

At the end of an immune response, reduced antigen exposure results in reduced expression of what

A

IL-2 and its receptor

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2
Q

Intracellular organism elicit what kind of response

A

Th1 –> upregulate phagocytosis and IFN gamma –> NK cells and CTLss

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3
Q

Extracellular organisms elicit what type of response

A

Th2 –> CSR –> antibodies

Eosinophils, IgE

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4
Q

Why do T cells become anergic

A

if meet up with APC that does not have the costimulatory CD80/86 to its CD28

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5
Q

molecules necessary for tolergenic DC:T cel

A

CDLA-4 (CD 152), IL-10, TGFb, E-caherin…

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6
Q

signaling for when cell has danger signals

A

NF-kB upregulation –

CD86, MHCII, CD40, CCR7 hi –> IL-12, TNFa –> t cell proliferation and activation of effector functions

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7
Q

signaling of tolerogenic DC

A

CD86 low, MHC II low, CD40, CCR7 low
NF-kb downregulated

clonal deletion, anergy

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8
Q

CCR7

A

go to the lymph node

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9
Q

Lack of T regs in what Immunodeficiency

A

IPEX

immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked

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10
Q

function t regs

A 
prevent and suppress immune responses
prevent AI
dampen responses 
protect fetuses during pregnancy 
turn off immune response when antigen gone
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11
Q

What do T reg need to be stimulated (in vitro)

A

Need to be co-cultured with cells that DO NOT express high affinity IL-2R (CD25)
Need to be stimulated via TCR

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12
Q

What transcription factor is important for Treg (identifying factor)

A

Foxp3+ = central to being Treg

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13
Q

Treg w/ DC

A

APC throwing out CD80/86 but T reg throws back CTLA-4 == be quiet
down-reg of costimulation

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14
Q

what do Tregs produce to suppress other cells

A

anti-inflamm cytos
IL-10, TGFb, IL-35

IL-2R (CD25) – sops up free IL-2 (non T reg cannot proliferate)

granzymes to kill non-Tregs

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15
Q

B cell tolerance mechanisms

A 
clonal deletion
receptor editing (VDJ)
anergy, downreg
Lack of T cell help and survival factors
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16
Q

Th1 cytokines are

A

IFN-g, TNFb, IL-2

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17
Q

Th1 cytokines promote

A

macrophage activation, Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, delayed-type hypersensitivity

18
Q

Th1 cytokines are

A

IL-2, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13

19
Q

Th2 cytokines promote

A 
help for humoral immune responses:
IgG1 and IgE switching 
Mucosal immunity
stimulation of mast cells, eosinophil growth and differentiation
IgA synthesis
20
Q

what stimulates mast cells, eosinophils and IgG/IgE

A

Th2 –> IL-4, IL-5

21
Q

What stimulates neutrophil recruitment and inflammation

A

Th17 –> IL-17

22
Q

What stimulates macrophage activation

A

Th1 –> IFN g

23
Q

what do natural t regs express

A

CD4+, CD25+ (high affinity IL-2R), Foxp3+

Also CTLA-4

24
Q

where do natural t regs come from

A

Thymus - low affinity for self –> go out to make sure nobody reacting against self-antigen (anti-inflammatory)

25
Q

purpose of natural T regs

A

prevent autoimmune

26
Q

normal profile of induced T regs (before activation)

A

CD4+, CD25-, Foxp3-

27
Q

activation of induced T regs

A

antigen
co stim w/ CD80/86 and CD28
IL-2 and TGF-b

28
Q

What do iRegs produce

A

IL-10 and TGF-b

29
Q

profile of iRegs (activated)

A

CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+

CTLA-4

30
Q

purpose of iRegs

A

clean up/stop immune response

31
Q

how to get different localization of subtypes of T cell

A

expression of different types of chemokine receptors

also how we get immune priveleged (prevented w TGFb and IL-10)

32
Q

C1 problems

A

systemic lupis

33
Q

C3 problems

A

bacterial infections (also c2 c4)

34
Q

TLR4 problems

A

gram negative bacterial infections

35
Q

IL-7R alpha chain problems

A

reduced T cells

36
Q

common cytokine gamma chain - problems

A

part of IL-2,4, 7, 9, 15 (12)

reduced T and NK cells, impaired B cell function (little T cell help)

37
Q

IFN gamma receptor or IL-12 receptor problems

A

mycobacterial infection

38
Q

IPEX

A

mutation in Foxp3 gene

No T regs - induced or natural

39
Q

IPEX symptoms

A

GI, watery diarrhea, FTT, dermatitis, autoimmune diabetes

40
Q

APECED

A

autoantibodies against organ-specific antigens of endocrine glands, liver, skin, blood cells such as platelets

41
Q

APECED heritability and cause

A

Autosomal recessive
AIRE chrom. 21
AIRE+ responsible for displaying self-antigens

IHO Week 2 (13 decks)

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