Immunizations

Question 1

live microbes are weakened by growing them for many generations in animals or tissue cultures.
Examples – oral polio, MMR, zoster

Answer 1

live attenuated

Question 2

whole organisms that have been killed. Stimulate the immune system but do not cause disease.

Examples – polio, influenza, Hepatitis A

Answer 2

inactivated

Question 3

some bacteria cause disease by producing toxins. Inactivated toxins are used to prevent disease.

   Examples – tetanus, diphtheria

Answer 3

inactivated toxins

Question 4

use only a part of the bacterium or virus.

   Examples – typhoid, hepatitis B, 
      pertussis, meningitis

Answer 4

subunit vaccines

Question 5

link proteins from a second organism to the outer coat of the bacteria. Allows a baby’s immune system to recognize the bacteria.

 Example – Haemophilus influenzae - b (Hib), pneumococcus

Answer 5

conjugate vaccines

Question 6

valid reasons not to be immunized

Answer 6

Anaphylactic reaction
      Prior high fever 
      Immunodeficiency
      Pregnancy (for some)
      Significant acute illness

Question 7

who should get the flu shot

Answer 7

EVERYONE

Question 8

contraindications flu shot

Answer 8

Anaphylactic hypersensitivity to eggs
Allergy to THIMEROSOL
History of Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Acute febrile conditions
delay until symptoms abate

Question 9

Indications for pneumococcal vaccine

Answer 9

One dose of 13-valent followed in one year by 23-valent after age 65 or earlier for high-risk individuals

Question 10

Hep A

Answer 10

fecal-oral
daycares and food-borne
many asymptomatic cases

Question 11

indications Hep A vaccine

Answer 11

Travelers to high-risk areas
Mexico, South America, Africa, SE Asia
High-risk populations 
Injecting drug users
Individuals with chronic liver disease
Military
Health Care providers ?

Question 12

Hep B

Answer 12

serum and most body fluids, more in developing countries

Question 13

Hep b vaccine indications

Answer 13

Given to “at risk” adults and for travel to HBV common parts of the world
Health care providers
Three doses give 95 % efficacy
Minimal side effects

Question 14

Tdap who and when

Answer 14

single booster 11-65

health care workers

Question 15

varicella zoster who

Answer 15

adults 60 and older one dose

Question 16

hpv who

Answer 16

Children ages 11-12 should be vaccinated
Consider give to women ages 13-26 whether or not sexually active
Males should receive ages 13-21, 22-26 for higher risk males

Question 17

what;s on the horizon

Answer 17

HIV
Tb
Malaria