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Endo: Male Reproductive > Regulation of Gonadal Activities > Flashcards

Regulation of Gonadal Activities Flashcards

1
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis:
______ stimulates both steroidogenic ang gametogenic testicular function

A

LH

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2
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis:
LH indirectly influences spermatogenesis through

A

the action of testosterone produced by the Leydig cells

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3
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis:
_________ influences the activity of the Sertoli cells which aid in spermiogenesis

A

FSH

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4
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis:
there is a _____________ activity of Sertoli cells, in accordance with the requirements of spermatogenesis

A

cyclic variation activity

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5
Q

is also produced in a paracrine fashion by the Sertoli cells, for spermatocytes
undergoing meiosis

A

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)

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6
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis- Noxious agents:
Sensitivity of germinal cells of seminiferous tubules to harmful agents ______ as differentiation proceeds to ______

A

increases;
spermatid stage

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7
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Noxious agents:
Irraditation produces destructive effect on dividing cells, where _______ are more sensitive than ______

A

spermatogonia are more sensitive than spermatocytes

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8
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Noxious agents:
Irradiation causes mutations, translocations and deletions to the

A

spermatocyte DNA

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9
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Noxious agents:
_______ are sensitive to mutagenic effects of x-irradiation, while _______ are less sensitive and _______ are resistant

A

Spermatids,
Spermatozoa,
Spermatogonia

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10
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Noxious agents:
Interval between testicular damage and appearance of abnormal cells in semen depends on the

A

nature of the insult,
cell type affected,
duration of spermatogenesis,
epididymal migration time in species

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11
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Noxious agents:
If ________ are damaged, the semen is affected soon after application of noxious agent

A

Epididymal spermatozoa

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12
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Noxious agents:
If effect is on _______, damage will not be apparent in the semen for several weeks after the damage is done

A

Spermatogonia

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13
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Noxious agents:

A
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14
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Noxious agents:
Type of change in seminal quality is related to the_______

A

type of damage produced

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15
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Noxious agents: (Type of change in seminal quality is related to the type of damage produced)

Death of germinal cells causes ________

A

decreased number of spermatozoa

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16
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Noxious agents: (Type of change in seminal quality is related to the type of damage produced)

________ results to morphologic defects

A

Abnormal spermateliosis

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17
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Noxious agents: (Type of change in seminal quality is related to the type of damage produced)

Damage to spermatozoal genetic apparatus results in ________

A

embryonic and fetal death or teratogeny

18
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis-Seasonal Variations:
Males show ____ seasonal variation in testicular function

A

less

19
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Seasonal Variations:
The quality of ejaculate are optimal during the __________

A

reproductive season

20
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Seasonal Variations:
Seasonal changes in LH, FSH, and testosterone are influenced by

A

photoperiod

21
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Seasonal Variations:
____ and ______ are influenced by season and photoperiod

A

Testicular weight and male sexual behavior

22
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Seasonal Variations:
In some species, during the hot summer months

A

seminal quality and male fertility tend to decline during the hot summer months

23
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Scrotal position is an indicator of ________ for spermatogenesis

A

optimal temperature

24
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Normal adult males of most domestic animals

A

scrotal testes which provides a lower intratesticular temperature essential for normal gametogenic function

25
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Scrotal descent

A

an evolutionary trait to maintain a temperature 2-4°C lower than the
abdomen

26
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Spermatogenesis is impaired when heat is applied to the scrotum or when the scrotum is insulated against heat loss

A

True

27
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Bilaterally cryptorchid males

A

sterile

28
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Unilaterally cryptorchid males

A

have lower testicular weight in undescended testes and display impaired spermatogenesis

29
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Fat

A

acts as an insulator, making it detrimental to spermatogenesis

30
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Constitute an effective thermoregulatory mechanism

A

Scrotum,
Cremaster muscle,
Spermatic vasculature

31
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Spermatic artery and pampiniform plexus

A

Provide a heat exchange

32
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Tunica dartos and cremaster muscle during hot weather

A

relax, so testes
is separated from the abdominal wall to allow maximum heat loss

33
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
In cold weather

A

Muscles contract to reduce heat loss

34
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Homeothermy

A

Spermatogenesis depends on homeothermy

35
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Fever

A

increases testicular temperature, resulting in disturbed spermatogenesis

36
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Scrotal Position:
Cooling vs Heat

A

Spermatogenesis is more resistant to cooling than heat, since the tunica dartos and
cremaster muscles contract to protect the testes

37
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Nutrition:
Malnutrition in prepuberal males and postpubertal males

A

Malnutrition constitutes a greater stress to spermatogenesis in prepuberal males than in postpubertal males

38
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Nutrition:
Energy-deficient diets

A

affects gonadotropin secretion, resulting to decline in libido, seminiferous epithelium damage, and low ejaculate volume

39
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Nutrition:
Hypovitaminosis A

A

causes:
poor seminal quality, testicular atrophy,
hypoplasia of accessory sex glands,
delayed puberty

40
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Nutrition:
Hypovitaminosis E

A

causes testicular damage

41
Q

Control of Spermatogenesis - Nutrition:
Mineral deficiencies and feeding with phytoestrogens, goitrogens, and nitrates

A

associated with impaired reproductive performance in males

Endo: Male Reproductive (6 decks)

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