Anatomy Flashcards
the primary organs of reproduction
testes
the male gonads fulfill two essential functions
- gametogenesis
- steroidogenesis
sperm cell formation
gametogenesis
testosterone production
steroidogenesis
Each testicle is surrounded by ________, a connective tissue capsule
tunica albuginea
are convoluted and occupy the greatest portion of each testicle
seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules are supported by
connective tissue extensions known as
septae or trabeculae
a.k.a sustentacular cells
Sertoli cells
located in the seminiferous tubules
sertoli cells
provides a nursing function for developing spermatozoa
sertoli cells
form a diffusion barrier between the ________ and the ________, providing a microenvironment for _______ and ______
Sertoli cells:
germinal cells
blood
meiosis
normal gametogenesis
sertoli cells divides the seminiferous tubules into two compartments
- basal compartment
- adluminal compratment
communicates with the interstitial fluid and provides space for germinal epithelial cells
basal compartment
the space between sertoli cells that communicates centrally with the lumen of the tubule
adluminal compartment
a.k.a interstitial cells
Leydig cells
found in connective tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules
Leydig cells
Ductus deferens:
continuation of the duct system from the tail of the epididymis to the ______
pelvic urethra
Collection and storage tubule of the testis
Epididymis
produces testosterone
Leydig cells
Begins at the pole of the testis continues to one side, terminating into the caudal part of the testis just before it makes an upward turn
Epididymis:
head
body
tail
a.k.a vas deferens
Ductus deferens
Storage in the epididymis allows
allows the spermatozoa to reach maturity and become motile
As the ductus deferens leaves the testis, toward the abdomen, it is enclosed along
with the
testicular artery, vein, nerve, and
lymphatic vessels within the visceral layer
of the vaginal tunic (spermatic cord)
within the parietal layer of the vaginal tunic (…?)
ductus deferens (…?)
within the visceral layer of the vaginal tunic
spermatic cord
Ductus deferens terminates with an enlarged, glandular area
ampulla
contracts in cold weather and holds the testes closer to the abdominal wall
tunica dartos
contains a subcutaneous layer of smooth muscle fibers
tunica dartos
cutaneous sac containing the testes
scrotum
lined with the parietal layer of the vaginal tunic, a continuation of parietal peritoneum into the ______
scrotum
provide secretions that empty into the __________ near their origin
Accessory glands;
Pelvic urethra
accessory glands
ampulla of the ductus deferentes,
Vesicular glands (seminal vesicles),
Prostate gland,
Bulbourethral glands (a.k.a Cowper glands)
secretion of seminal vesicle
secretes fructose,
inositol,
ergothioneine,
ascorbic acid
at ejaculation the ________ are mixed with sperm and fluid from the epididymides to form _____
Accessory sex gland secretions (seminal plasma);
Semen
secretion of prostate gland
zinc,
secretes fructose,
citric acid,
cholesterol,
proteins
secretion of Cowper gland/ Bulbourethral gland
produces vaginal plus (rodents),
fluid that prepares urethra for ejaculation
secretion of ampullary and coagulating gland
produces vaginal plug (rodents)
male organ of copulation
Penis
Starts at the caudal border of the ischial arch, extending as the body, to the free extremity
Penis:
root/crura,
body,
glans
Comparative anatomy of the male reproductive organ:
Dog
encirclement of the pelvic urethra by the prostate
Comparative anatomy of the male reproductive organ:
Ram
urethral process
Comparative anatomy of the male reproductive organ:
Stallion
double-folded prepuce
Comparative anatomy of the male reproductive organ:
Boar
preputial diverticulum
penis is mostly composed of by cavernous tissue________ surrounded by a dense fibroelastic covering ______
corpus cavernosus;
tunica albuginea
the dog has a ______ at the caudal part of the glans
bulbus glandis
Enlargement of the bulbus glandis in dogs is responsible for
prolonged retention of the penis during coitus
animals having sigmoid flexure of their penis
boar,
bull,
ram
resulting in an S
shape when not erect, but in erection causes extension of the flexure
sigmoid flexure
muscles of the male genitalia
Cremaster muscle,
Urethralis,
Bulbospongiosus muscle,
Ischiocavernosus muscle,
Retractor penis muscle
assist in emptying the urethra
bulbospongiosus muscle
assists in erection process
ischiocavernosus muscle
assists in the return of the penis to the prepuce after intromission
retractor penis
pulls the testis up against the superficial vaginal ring, particularly in cold weather
Cremaster muscle
pelvic continuation from the smooth muscle wall of the urinary bladder, its peristaltic action assists in the transport of urine or semen through the pelvic urethra
Urethralis
striated muscle continuation of the urethralis, continues the action of the urethralis in emptying the urethra
Bulbospongiosus muscle
paired, striated muscles that converge on the body of the penis from their origins on the lateral sides of the ischial arch, where contraction pulls the penis upward against the floor of the pelvis
Ischiocavernosus muscle
paired striated muscles originating from the suspensory ligaments of the anus, pull the flaccid penis back into the prepuce
Retractor penis muscle
